The age at which women and men marry has increased substantially in Iran during the past few decades. Among women, for example, the mean age at marriage increased from 19.7 in 1976 to 23.3 in 2006. 1 The proportion of women aged 20-24 who had never married was 21% in 1976, compared with about 50% in 2006 (80% in urban areas). 1,2 As a result of this change, the gap between puberty and marriage has increased considerably. Any relationships (particularly sexual ones) between men and women outside of marriage are socially, culturally, legally and religiously forbidden in Iran, and most Iranians consider it important that young people (especially females) abstain from any physical intimacy and sex until marriage.* However, recent evidence suggests that the prevalence of premarital relationships is rising among young people. If these relationships do not lead to marriage, the psychological, emotional and social consequences tend to be greater for females than for males, because of the double standards regarding male and female sexuality and the importance of virginity for young women's marriage prospects.The development of attitudes regarding heterosexual relationships and sexuality, and the learning of appropriate norms, both begin early in life, and these processes are influenced by the family environment and by the values and behaviors of parents and other family members. The family provides role models, a social and economic environment and standards of sexual conduct. 3 However, the specific dimensions of family life that influence the formation of sexual behavioral patterns among young people in Iran are not well understood.Because societal norms should be similar for most females in a particular society, variation among individuals in premarital heterosexual relationships and intimacy presumably is attributable primarily to individual and familial characteristics. Because many individual-level factors, such as attitudes and self-efficacy, are also influenced by an individual's behavior, the direction of causality is not always clear. However, factors related to family structure and function are less likely influenced by individual sexual behavior, and hence they can be considered determinants or predictors of sexual behaviors in cross-sectional studies. In this article, we aim to identify familial factors that are associated with premarital friendships and sex among a representative sample of female college students. Associations Between Family Factors and Premarital Heterosexual Relationships Among Female College Students in Tehran

Objective: The aim of this study was Effectiveness of Integration of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and recovery cognitive behavioral therapy (RCBT) on adolescents with spectrum bipolar disorder (BD).Methods: BD diagnosis in 80 adolescents was based on DSM-IV TR that patients were randomly assigned to one of the following: Experimental group under combined treatment MBCT & RFCBT, and groups MBCT, RFCBT and Control group (TAU) under pharmacological treatment. The questionnaires used in the research included: Manian Yang MYR questionnaire, K-SADS quality of life questionnaire, impulsivity questionnaire, bipolar depression questionnaire, Beck anxiety inventory, Coke drug abuse questionnaire. We used an analysis of variance (MANOVA), including one or two factors, with repeated measures at different evaluation times: baseline, post-treatment, 6-month follow-up. Results:We found significant between-group differences at all evaluation times after the treatment. The experimental group showed that the effect of MBCT treatment on improving the psychiatric and psychological symptoms of individuals in three stages (pre-test, post-test and follow-up) (849/0) is significant. The effect of RFCBT treatment on improving the psychiatric and psychological symptoms of individuals in three stages (pre-test, post-test and follow-up) is somewhat significant and the effect of treatment (group membership) in the post-test and follow-up stage 0.27% and 0.31%, respectively, meaning that 0.27% of individual differences in the improvement of psychiatric and psychiatric symptoms (during the test) and 31/0% (follow-up) for differences in membership group (treatment effect) and finally the integration of psychiatric and psychological MBCT and RFCBT improves the symptoms of spectrum bipolar disorders exist. Conclusion:Our results suggest that a combined treatment is effective in patients with refractory bipolar disorder. Suggestions for future research are commented on.

Objective: The aim of this study was Effectiveness of Integration of Mindfulness -based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and recovery cognitive behavioral therapy (RCBT) on adolescents with spectrum bipolar disorder (BD).Method: BD diagnosis in 80 adolescents was based on DSM-IV TR that patients were randomly assigned to one of the following: Experimental group under combined treatment MBCT & RFCBT, and groups MBCT, RFCBT and Control group (TAU) under pharmacological treatment. The questionnaires used in the research included: Manian Yang MYR questionnaire, K-SADS quality of life questionnaire, impulsivity questionnaire, bipolar depression questionnaire, Beck anxiety inventory, Coke drug abuse questionnaire. We used an analysis of variance (MANOVA), including one or two factors, with repeated measures at different evaluation times: baseline, posttreatment, 6-month follow-up. Results:We found significant between-group differences at all evaluation times after the treatment. The experimental group showed that the effect of MBCT treatment on improving the psychiatric and psychological symptoms of individuals in three stages (pre-test, post-test and follow-up) (849 / 0) is significant. The effect of RFCBT treatment on improving the psychiatric and psychological symptoms of individuals in three stages (pre-test, post-test and follow-up) is somewhat significant and the effect of treatment (group membership) in the post-test and follow-up stage 0.27% and 0.31%, respectively, meaning that 0.27% of individual differences in the improvement of psychiatric and psychiatric symptoms (during the test) and 31/0 percent (follow-up) for differences in membership