This paper presents a detailed comparative review of cost models and cost factors published in a number of studies on freight transportation. It attempts to determine and categorise cost factors from a different point of views in the reviewed studies which include cost factors (operational costs, value of time and external costs), study area (Europe, the United States, North America and Asia) and cost models (activity-based costing (ABC), statistical models, surveys, data mining, GIS, meta-analysis and Mathematical models). The results are assessed by comparison with the reviewed studies. The paper also proposed two model structures; (1) Road freight transportation costs and (2) Road freight transportation cost estimating methods and data gathering. These models are designed to identify any gaps between the types of cost or any inconsistencies in cost factors and consist of an overall structure and multiple substructures.

This paper presents a detailed comparative review of cost models and cost factors published in a number of studies on freight transportation. It attempts to determine and categorise cost factors from a different point of views in the reviewed studies which include cost factors (operational costs, value of time and external costs), study area (Europe, the United States, North America and Asia) and cost models (activity-based costing (ABC), statistical models, surveys, data mining, GIS, meta-analysis and Mathematical models). The results are assessed by comparison with the reviewed studies. The paper also proposed two model structures; (1) Road freight transportation costs and (2) Road freight transportation cost estimating methods and data gathering. These models are designed to identify any gaps between the types of cost or any inconsistencies in cost factors and consist of an overall structure and multiple substructures.

Among the various transportation systems, public transportation, especially Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), has a significant role in urban transport and has the mission of transfer of passengers and reducing travel time. In addition to these advantages, the weak and non-standard design and implementation of BRT lines result in an escalation of accidents and inefficiency. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influential factors of the severity of BRT lines accidents before and after their construction. For this purpose, the accident data of Rasht BRT line 1 over the years of 2016 (before the construction of the BRT), 2017 and 2018 (after the construction of the BRT) have been analysed. The results showed that the construction of BRT has brought about 36 and 43 per cent reduction of accidents in 2017 and 2018, respectively, in comparison with 2016, and has given rise to the emergence of new accidents, such as collision with separator fence.