Hydatid cyst caused by Echinococcus granulosus demonstrates an endemic infection in several countries such as Middle Eastern countries. Liver is the most frequently involved organ, followed by the lung. The case we present is solitary primary localization of cyst in abdominal wall which is extremely rare. A 57-year-old woman presented with an abdominal wall lesion in umbilical area that had been evolving for about 2 years with recent complaint of pain and discomfort. We detected a midline abdominal mass 12⁎13 centimeters in diameter which was bulged out in umbilicus. Preoperative clinical diagnosis of incarcerated umbilical hernia was made due to its physical examination while surgical exploration disproved the primary diagnosis and we found cystic mass adherent to superficial fascia without any communication to peritoneal space. The cyst was excised completely without any injury or perforation of containing capsule. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst was confirmed by histopathological examination of specimen. The retrograde evaluation showed no involvement of other organs. The patient was followed for two years and no recurrence of hydatid disease has been observed. Hydatid cyst should be considered as a differential diagnosis of abdominal wall and umbilical lesions especially in endemic regions.

Background: Various strategies have been suggested for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Objectives: Nowadays, most of the high-risk pregnancies are successfully ended although they normally result in the delivery of premature and preterm neonates. The rate of NRDS increases in these neonates, which consequently demands for more interventions to save them. Methods: This was a case-control study in which, 52 neonates of 27-32 weeks' gestation and birth weight 1000-3000 g were treated with Curosurf (a natural surfactant) and NCPAP (Nasal continuous positive airway pressure) as the case group. The control group consisted of 52 matched neonates untreated with surfactant and NCPAP. Results: Studying 6 common NRDS-induced complications (pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, chronic lung disease, intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis and patent ductus arteriosus) showed that there were no significant differences between the case and control groups (P > 0.05). Also, there were no significant differences in mortality and ventilator usage rates and duration of hospitalization (P > 0.05). In total, 9 neonates in the case group (17%) and 16 in the control group (30%) died consequently. Conclusions: The results showed that surfactant therapy had no significant effect on mortality and ventilator usage rates, duration of hospitalization, and NRDS-induced complications.

Introduction: Acute cholecystitis is one of the most common gallbladder diseases. Surgical operation is still the main treatment of biliary diseases, but there may be required a period of stabilization in the hospital before cholecystectomy. Infected bile in different studies has been reported from 50% to 75%. Therefore, identification of microbial mass followed by antibiotic treatment for this disease is important. Objectives: In this study, bacterial spectrum in patients undergoing cholecystectomy was evaluated based on clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters. Patients and Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, all patients requiring cholecystectomy were enrolled in the study. In the study, the data on age, gender, clinical signs of all patients and laboratory results and biliary liquid experiments were collected. Results: Fourteen cases including 13 cases of E. coli and a Staphylococcus strain had positive cultures. No significant correlation was detected between gender, fever, vomiting, tenderness right upper quadrant (RUQ), anorexia, jaundice, age group and microbial growth (P>0.05). Moreover, no significant correlation between laboratory parameters such as white blood cell (WBC), total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, amylase and microbial growth was seen (P>0.05). Conclusion: Bile culture was positive in 14% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy and E. coli was the predominant microorganism. Frequency of positive culture is low and has no relationship with demographic, clinical and laboratory factors and could not have a significant effect on the occurrence of postoperative complications; therefore, it seems that the administration of antibiotics before surgery is not necessary.