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Introduction: Despite the importance of exercise and physical activity on the health of elderly, the amount o physical activity (exercise) among this vulnerable class of society is declining. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the determinants of the implementation of physical activities in the older adults in Tehran.Method: This Study was a qualitative design and carried out using Grounded theory methodology. Data was collected via semi-structured in-depth interviews and field notes. Data collection was conducted in the year 2015. Thirty elderly and 10 sport experts were interviewed were interviewed. Analyzing of the data was carried out with the Corbin and Strauss (2008) approach.Results: Concepts of the study were identified using micro and macro analysis. In during of data analysis, 350 free codes related to elderly' physical activity were extracted and classified into three categories, 200 of which were assigned to barrios and 150 to motivators. These categories were environmental factors, interpersonal factors, and intrapersonal factors. Conclusion:Compared to quantitative studies, this study managed to identify the determinants of the implementation of physical activities in elderly in a better and deeper way. By identifying the motivators and barriers to the implementation of physical activity in elderly, those in charge of providing sports services to the elderly can facilitate elderly ' participation in physical activities by exploiting the motivators and removing the barriers and improve the physical and mental health of the elderly because of this increased participation.

Background: The aim of this paper was the comparison of ergonomic risk assessment results (final score and action levels) for the entire body as determined using Quick Exposure Check (QEC) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which all 82 workers engaged in various processes with different activities in an anodizing and aluminum profiles producing industry in Tehran, Iran, were studied. The REBA and QEC ergonomic risk assessment techniques and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) were used in order to assess the correlation between results of the two methods and evaluate the correlation between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the results of these two methods. Results: Studied postures, using QEC and REBA assessment methods, acquired the risk levels, respectively, of low risk = 10.9%, moderate risk = 25.5%, and high/very high risk = 63.6% in QEC. They obtained the risk levels of low risk = 56.3%, moderate risk = 40%, and high/very high risk = 12.7%, respectively, in REBA. The kappa (0.12) and gamma scores (0.51) showed no agreement between the outputs of the two tools. No significant correlation (P > 0.05) was found between final scores of these two methods and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusions:These results indicate that the risk assessment outcomes of these two ergonomic assessment tools for the entire body do not agree. Thus, there is no possibility of applying them interchangeably for postural risk assessment, at least not in this industry.

Background and aims: The importance of developing physical training and the need to expand it among students increases when the social harms and anomalies observed in this space are carefully analyzed. Knowing the pattern and model governing this matter helps prevent social anomalies. Since no study was done to discover this model, the present research was conducted to investigate the design of the development model of physical training for students of Iranian medical sciences universities. Methods: This study was conducted with an exploratory-fundamental nature, a qualitative approach, and the foundation’s data strategy in 2021-2022. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview with 19 specialists and experts using purposeful sampling. The method of coding and forming concepts from the interviews was used to analyze the data. MAXQDATA2020 software was used to analyze the data. Then, the codes were categorized, and a conceptual model was presented. Results: The codes extracted from the interviews included 191 codes in 6 categories of causal conditions, central phenomenon, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategic conditions, and consequential conditions, as well as 38 components. Causal conditions include seven components and 27 codes; central phenomenon includes three components and 11 codes; contextual conditions include seven components and 36 codes; intervening conditions include eight components and 41 codes; strategic conditions include eight components and 43 codes and conditions a result includes five components and 24 codes. Conclusion: The developments of physical education and sports for students of medical sciences in Iran, taking into account its causes, axes, contexts, obstacles, and consequences, can inform the managers and planners of sports students of the Ministry of Health about its development process and trend. Students go to physical activity to prevent the wastage of available resources, including financial, human and physical, with careful planning and organization.