Implant surface topography influences osteoblastic proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix protein expressions. Previous researches proved that chemical surface modification of titanium implants could be used to improve Bone-to-implant contact. In this study, the surface topography, chemistry and biocompatibility of polished titanium surfaces treated with mixed solution of three acids containing HCl, HF and H3PO4 with different etched conditions for example concentration, time and addition of calcium chloride were studied. Osteoblast cells (MG-63) were cultured on different groups of titanium surfaces. In order to investigate titanium surfaces, SEM, AFM and EDS analyses were carried out. The results showed that surfaces treated with HCl–HF–H3PO4 had higher roughness, lower cytotoxicity level and better biocompatibility than controls. Moreover, addition of calcium chloride into mixed solution of three acids containing HCl, HF and H3PO4 is an important, predominant and new technique for obtaining biofunction in metals for biomedical use including dentistry.

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There has been an extensive investigation in the field of optical applications of nanocomposite materials. To prepare photosensitive nanocomposites, an optically functional phase is embedded in a transparent, processable matrix. This provides the opportunity to utilize the optical properties in other forms including fibers and films, which are more technologically important. Due to expansion of optical materials applications, novel transparent materials and optically functional are required. Recent optical nanocomposites and their applications in different areas especially catalysis and drug delivery have been addressed in this paper.

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