Stress is a natural part of every adolescent's life. Adolescents in orphanage are more liable for stress than other adolescents. The aim of this study was to develop Orphanage Adolescents Stress Scale. Tool: The Orphanage Adolescents Stress Scale was developed by the researcher. Subjects and method: This questionnaire surveys were conducted with 74 adolescents to examine the psychometric properties. The final Orphanage Adolescents Stress Scale 58-items contain four domains: Emotional deprivation, Future planning, Relationships inside the organization, Relationships outside the organization and Stress symptoms. Result: Scale scores showed satisfactory internal consistency and two weeks test-retest reliability. Conclusion: OASS is an effective scale with acceptable psychometric properties and was especially adapted to measure stress in orphanage adolescents. Recommendations: For researchers who have a particular interest in stress among orphan adolescents, the OASS suggested to be effective tool.

Background:The health burden of diabetic nephropathy is exponentially increased by the constant and alarming increase of the incidence of both Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of health educational program regarding nephropathy for mothers of children suffering from Diabetes Mellitus at Assiut City. Subjects and Method: Quasi-experimental (Pre-post-test) design implemented for 100 mothers of diabetic school-age children. Two tools included: Tool I: Part one: Personal and clinical data of children. Part two: Personal data of mothers. Tool II: Part one: Mothers' knowledge. Part two: Mothers' health-related practices. Results: Only 20% of school-age children's mothers had satisfactory knowledge regarding diabetic nephropathy in pretest. While raised significantly to 96% and 93% in posttest 1 and 2. Moreover, 35% of school-age children's mothers had satisfactory health-related practices regarding diabetic nephropathy in pretest. Whereas improved significantly to 82% and 91% in posttest 1 and 2. Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in the school-age children's mothers' knowledge and health-related practices regarding diabetic nephropathy after the educational program implementation. Recommendations: Continuing educational programs are needed to improve mothers' knowledge and practices toward better control of diabetic children.

Background: Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is the most common cause of death or serious neurological injury resulting in life-long disability among infants and young children less than 5 years of age. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of an evidence-based prevention program for nurses on the period of PURPLE crying in infants and shaken baby syndrome. Study design: A quasi-experimental (pre-post-test) research design was used to achieve the aim of this study. Sample: A convenient sample was selected of 100 pediatric nurses from (PICU &NICU) and outpatient pediatric clinic in Assiut University Children's Hospital.. Tools: Three tools were used to collect the needed data. Tool one: It was composed of three parts: Part one: Personal data of studied nurses. Part two: Shaken infant syndrome knowledge assessment questionnaire. Part three: It was included a nurse's knowledge assessment questionnaire on the PURPLE Crying Period. Tool Two: Nurses' thoughts and attitudes about shaken baby syndrome hazards. Tool Three: Scale of Infant Crying Knowledge. Results: 65 % of nurses had a satisfactory level of knowledge about the period of PURPLE crying in infants which increases to 96% post-test. in the pre-test, 73% of nurses had appropriate beliefs and attitudes regarding shaken baby syndrome hazard while in the post-test most of the nurses (89%) had appropriate believes and attitudes with a highly statistically significant difference between the nurses believes and attitudes in pre and posttest (P=0.004). Conclusion: Implementation of an Evidence-Based prevention program had a positive effect on understanding the period of PURPLE crying in infants which reduced the hazards of Shaken Baby Syndrome in infants. Recommendations: Nurses should teach parents and give them a booklet about the period of PURPLE crying and practices to prevent hazards of shaken baby syndrome on the infants discharge from PICU or NICU.

Critically care nurses must be competent in care of patients with COVID19 on mechanical ventilation which meets the specialized needs of the patient. Aim: To investigate nurses' level of competence and reported practices among ventilated adult and pediatric patients with COVID 19. Research Design: A descriptive research design was conducted in this study. Setting: The study was conducted in four intensive care units include general, trauma, critical care and pediatric intensive care unit. Subjects: Nurses who have a bachelor's degree of nursing sciences as a bedside nurse and dealing with patients connected to mechanical ventilation with COVID 19. Tools of data collection: Tool I: clinical scenario assessment tool. Tool two: nurses' reported practices (universal precautions) questionnaire. Results: The majority of nurses were incompetent in all breath types and lung pathological changes (81.7%, 95%, 81.7% 95.0%) respectively, and majority of them had inappropriate reported practice according to policy of sharp equipment and environmental precaution Conclusion: It was found that more than half of studied nurses were incompetent and had inappropriate reported practice in dealing with ventilated patients with covid19. Recommendation: Nurses' level of competence and practices among ventilated patients should be assessed at regular time

Background: Bullying is still a troubling issue in the nursing profession. In the clinical setting, nursing students may confront bullying. The study aimed to identify pediatric nursing students' experience of bullying behavior in clinical settings. Method: A descriptive research design was used, The study was done at Faculty of Nursing, Assuit University with a representative sample of all third-year undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the pediatric nursing courses. Tool of data collection: Self-administered tool was used to recognize experience of bullying among nursing students. Results: The result indicates that bullying occurs among nursing students, the most severe forms of bullying, less than half of pediatric nursing students were exposed to spreading malicious rumors and cursing or swearing. Bullying influences pupils, resulting in educational failure, and differences with statistical significance have been established between bullying methods and the effect of bullying on students. Conclusion: Bullying was an issue among nursing students, resulting in a scary and frustrating educational environment. Recommendations: Faculty staff and students more aware of bullying behavior if it is taught in the curriculum through professional behavior courses.