BACKGROUND Palmar hyperhidrosis is a common disorder of excessive sweating due to over-stimulation of cholinergic receptors on eccrine glands. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of laser-assisted drug delivery of onabotulinum toxin A (BoNTA) and intradermal BoNTA injections in the management of palmar hyperhidrosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS This intrapatient comparative study was conducted on 30 adult patients with idiopathic palmar hyperhidrosis. The palms of the patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was treated with intradermal injections of 50 units of BoNTA, whereas Group 2 was subjected to laser-assisted transcutaneous BoNTA delivery using fractional CO 2 laser at different doses (25, 50, and 75 units). Each treatment modality was evaluated using the iodine starch test, hyperhidrosis disease severity scale, and gravimetric scoring. RESULTS Delivery of 75 units of BoNTA to the dermis on the right-sided palms assisted by fractional CO 2 laser was clinically equivalent to 50 units of injection on the left side. Pain intensity was significantly higher on the injected side than on the other side. CONCLUSION Laser-assisted drug delivery of botulinum toxin can be considered an effective and safe alternative for treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis with minimal side effects and complications.

This in-vitro study was conducted to evaluate enamel color changes associated with the use of a highly-filled, fluoridereleasing enamel sealant (Proseal). A sample of 60 freshly extracted premolar teeth were collected according to clear selection criteria. The teeth were randomly divided into a control and three experimental groups.Brackets were bonded to the teeth using Transbond XT composite paste in only two of the experimental groups after conditioning the whole buccal surface with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds. In Group I, Transbond XT primer was applied to the etched enamel surface while Proseal enamel sealant was applied in Group II. In Group III, Proseal enamel sealant was applied to the etched enamel surface with no bracket bonding. The samples were then subjected to a staining and photo aging protocol in an attempt to simulate the oral environment. In groups I and II, brackets were debonded and then the enamel surface was finished and polished using a 12-fluted carbide burs on low speed followed by rubber cup and polishing paste. Samples in Group III and the control group received only enamel polishing. Enamel color was spectrophotometrically evaluated at three intervals; at baseline (T0), following debonding and finishing (T1), and after resubjecting the samples to the same staining and photo aging protocol (T3). CIE L*, a*, b* order system was used for color quantification and color differences (∆E) were calculated.