Background Gallbladder carcinoma is often found incidentally on histopathologic examination after cholecystectomy—this is referred as incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGC). Routine vs selective histopathological assessment of gallbladders is under debate and this study evaluates the role of regular specimens’ examination, based on a single-centre analysis of incidence, clinical and histopathological aspects of IGC. Methods Patients who underwent cholecystectomy, between July 2010 and January 2020, were considered. Exclusion criteria were age under 18 and preoperative diagnosis of GB carcinoma. Demographic, clinical and histopathological data were retrospectively collected, continuous variables with a normal distribution were evaluated with Student’s t-test and ANOVA. Results Some 5779 patients were included. The female/male ratio was 2.5:1. Chronic cholecystitis (CC) was the most common finding on specimens (99.3%), IGC was found in six cases (0.1%). In the latter group, there were 5 women and patients were older than those with benign disease—73.7 $$\pm$$ ±  5.38 years vs 55.8 $$\pm$$ ±  0.79 years (p < 0.05). In all the cases, the GB was abnormal on intraoperative inspection and beside cancer, histopathology showed associated CC and/or dysplasia. Upon diagnosis, disease was at advanced stage—one stage II, one stage IIIA, one stage IIIB, three stage IVA. Two patients are alive, three died of disease progression—median survival was 7 months (range 2–14). Conclusions In this series, ICG was rare, occurred most commonly in old adult women and was diagnosed at an advanced stage. In all the cases, the GB was abnormal intraoperatively, therefore macroscopic GB anomalies demand histopathological assessment of the specimen.

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Background Oesophago-gastric surgical resection for cancer has been associated with high morbidity and poor long-term prognosis. Medical advances have led to improvements and the con-current development of videoscopic technology enabled a paradigm shift in many areas of surgical practice. Between 2004 - 2010, a three-stage total (thoracoscopic/laparoscopic) minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIO) with curative intent, was offered to all patients diagnosed and treated for esophageal and oesophago-gastric junctional (GOJ) cancers as an alternative to open surgery at our specialist Centre. Previously we have reported on safety, feasibility, short term outcomes, quality of life and complication profiles; this study now reports on eventualities at least a decade after surgery. Methods All patients who underwent MIO (laparoscopic/thoracoscopic) three-stage procedure from April 2004 to January 2010 for oesophageal and GOJ malignancy were identified. A retrospective analysis of patients’ records in conjunction with an updated clinical follow-up was carried out.  Patients’ demographics, oncologic stage (in accordance to the American Joint Committee on Cancer 6th and 7th Edition), overall survival, 5-year and 10-year survival, recurrence rate and disease-free survival (DFS) were retrospectively analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted using Prism version 9.1.0 (GraphPad Holdings LLC, California). Results A total of 120 patients (majority of which were males – 84.2%) were included in the study. Mean age was 66.7 ± 0.74. 43 patients. In-hospital death occurred in 4 (3.3%) patients. Over the time period, 25 (20.8%) patients were alive. Of those deceased Sixty-six (69.5%) succumbed to cancer, and 29 (30.5%) died from other causes. 43 patients (35.8%) were alive at 5 years and 33 (27.5%) at 10 years. Excluding those with Stage 0 disease, the 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 32.4% and 24.1%, respectively. The recurrence rate was 63 (52.5%) patients and the overall median DFS was 24 months (IQR, 186); Stage 3 patients had the shortest DFS (p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions Survival and disease-free survival in this historical cohort of patients who underwent a total MIO for cancer is comparable to published data from similar open series of that era as well as modern reported outcomes from specialist centers. Benefits of a minimally invasive approach can therefore be realized without compromise to oncological and overall prognosis.