Convalescent plasma therapy (CP) has long been used to prevent and treat various infectious diseases before COVID-19 such as SARS, MERS, and H1N1. Because the viral and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 share the similarities between SARS and MERS, CP treatment could be a promising treatment option to save COVID-19. With only low quality medical evidence, but massive media support and a very significant public demand for the use of convalescent plasma for COVID-19, we are now faced with an ethical dilemma. Therefore, this paper uses a structured analysis that focuses on the preferred reporting items for a systematic review of ethical issues regarding the use of Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19. The use of convalescent plasma must meet the ethical principles of autonomy; such as voluntary, informed consent, and confidentiality. Consideration of the risk-benefit ratio for potential donor recipients also needs to be considered in order to meet the beneficence and non-maleficence principles. The principle of justice also needs to be applied both to donors, donor recipients and health workers, such as determining the priority of donor recipients, due to the increasing demand for convalescent plasma amid the limited circumstances of patients who have recovered from Covid-19 who voluntarily donate.

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BACKGROUND: WHO declared the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 outbreaks as a worldwide pandemic in March 2020. More than 1,500,000 confirmed cases have been diagnosed in more than 130 countries and regions, estimated to cause 93,000 deaths so far recorded on April 10, 2020. There is no vaccine or antiviral treatment for coronavirus. METHODS: The literature sources from the research were obtained by searching for national and international journals. The journal is indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, e-books, and others. Five journals were obtained, including a literature review, systematic review, and randomized controlled trials (RCT) discussing the use of dexamethasone in COVID-19 therapy, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome. RESULTS: A study from Oxford University compared 2100 COVID-19 patients who received low and moderate potential dexamethasone at a dose of 6 mg/day for 10 days with 4300 COVID-19 patients who only received standard treatment for coronavirus infection. The results obtained in patients using ventilator mortality decreased from 40% to 28%, and patients using oxygen, the mortality rate decreased from 40% to 20%. The dexamethasone RCT study can reduce the death rate of 1 in 3 COVID-19 patients who received mechanical ventilation therapy and 1 in 5 patients who received oxygen therapy without mechanical ventilation but did not reduce patients’ mortality rate who did not receive therapy oxygen. CONCLUSION: The use of dexamethasone with oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation can reduce mortality patients with COVID-19.

Background As a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure, hypertension is recognized as a major risk factor for a variety of life threatening diseases including stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and aortic aneurysm. And most of these severe complications occur in the hypertensive patients with a sudden increase of blood pressure. Aim of the Work The aim of this study is To evaluate the role of IL23 in the immune pathogenesis of hypertension. Subjects and Methods This was a prospective Case-Control study was carried out in the Internal Medicine Department, faculty of medicine, Ain Shams university hospital during the period from November 2016 to December 2017.In this study we performed full history taking and examination, we also performed complete blood count, liver function tests, kidney function tests, estimation of IL23 level in plasma by ELISA in peripheral blood by Flowcytometry. Forty five adult individual were recruited in the study and were further divided into three groups according to the symptoms of blood pressure as follow:group A patients with acute increase of blood pressure, group B patients without acute increase of blood pressure.and group C healthy volunteers with normal blood pressure as control Results we found that mean of IL23/CD4% was higher in group A, followed by group B then group C, all these differences was high significant Conclusion We demonstrated that IL-23 may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute blood pressure increase in the patients with hypertension. Understanding its inflammatory characterization might be of fundamental importance for the prevention and treatment of acute blood pressure increase in hypertensive patients.