Background: Migraine represents the second most disabling condition worldwide. The prevalence of migraine varies from one region and one population to another. Aim: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of migraine in Tabuk and assess the associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a sample from the general population in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. A structured questionnaire was utilized to collect the participants' data. It comprised questions about the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and the experienced headaches, the ID Migraine questionnaire and the Migraine specific quality of life questionnaire (MSQ 2.1). Results: The prevalence of migraine was 64.2%. Migraine was significantly associated with female gender (p<0.001), anxiety (p=0.046) and family history (p<0.001). Migraine had a significantly higher frequency (p<0.001), longer duration (p<0.001), more severity (p<0.001) and lower MSQ scores than non-migraine headaches. The most prevalent and significant triggers for migraine were noise (p<0.001), stress (p=0.001), screen usage (p=0.003) and fasting/skipping meals (p<0.001). The significantly associated relieving factors were dark and quiet environment (p<0.001), reducing noise (p<0.001) and local massage (p=0.036). Conclusions: The prevalence of Migraine headache toward our population in Tabuk city was high and consistent with current literature. Since quality of life is affected in these patients, efforts should be made to promote and support public awareness and health education of migraine headache.

BackgroundDiabetes Mellitus (DM) types 1 and 2 and their complications are becoming more prevalent in Saudi Arabia. Non-adherence to diabetes management techniques could result in inadequate blood sugar management causing treatment failure, the rapid development of comorbidities, and higher mortality in patients with diabetes. ObjectivesThis study investigated the adherence of patients with diabetes in the Tabuk region of Saudi Arabia to their prescribed medications and examined the association between adherence and other sociodemographic characteristics. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, among patients with diabetes. A validated online self-administered questionnaire was provided to the research participants using Google Forms. Participants were selected using a convenient non-probability sampling method. The chi-square test was used to compare qualitative data whereas quantitative data were expressed as frequency and percentage. ResultsOverall, 380 participants were enrolled in this study. The study population's average diabetes treatment adherence score was 9.6 ± 3.3% from a maximum score of 15 (range: 0-15). Overall, 293 (77.1%) participants were adherent, whereas 87 (22.9%) were non-adherent. In addition, more than one-third of the individuals did not miss medication doses or follow-up appointments. However, forgetfulness was the most common cause of missed medicine doses and follow-up appointments. In addition, several sociodemographic characteristics, including marital status, nationality, geographic region, and employment position, were significantly associated with DM treatment adherence (P = 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, and 0.002, respectively). ConclusionMost individuals in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, showed adequate DM medication adherence. Forgetfulness was the most common cause for missed medicine doses and follow-up appointments while several socioeconomic factors including marital status, nationality, geographic region, and occupation were associated with treatment adherence. Therefore, intervention strategies and public health campaigns should be implemented to increase treatment adherence among patients with DM.

Background: Allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis are common health problems among children. The prevalence of different allergic diseases is increasing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of allergic diseases among school students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia, between the first of August and the end of September, 2022. Students from primary, intermediate, and secondary schools were included. A predesigned, structured, self-administered questionnaire in the Arabic language was used to collect data.Results: This study included 384 school students from Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. The age of the recruited students ranged from five to 19 years old. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed bronchial asthma that occurred at any time in the past was 31.8%. The prevalence of asthma symptoms was 51.0% for lifetime wheezing and 45.8% for current wheezing (in the past 12 months). The prevalence rates of clinically diagnosed allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were 56.8% and 30.2%, respectively. Further, 68.2% of the school students had one or more of the diagnosed allergic diseases. The second or more childbirth orders were significantly associated with an increased risk of allergic diseases (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.140, 95% CI: 1.864-5.288). A family history of asthma or atopic conditions showed 3.118 times increased likelihood of allergic conditions (AOR = 3.118, 95% CI: 1.827-5.320). Other significant risk factors were the father's smoking (AOR = 1.698, 95% CI: 1.024-2.817) and having a dog, cat, or bird at home (AOR = 0.493, 95% CI: 0.257-0.946). Conclusion:The prevalence of bronchial asthma and other allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis among school students in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia, is alarmingly high. Furthermore, both genetic and environmental components of allergic disease pathogenesis have been identified as risk factors.