Background: Considering dynamic nature of body mass index (BMI) in women, is crucial to determine cardiovascular risks in both individual and familial levels. This study aimed to investigate the life-course trajectory pattern of women's BMI and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in them and their family members. Methods: Based on the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), a total of 1356 mothers with 2976 children (51.8 % girls) aged ≤ 18 years at baseline were recruited in the current analysis and followed up for an average period of 15 years. Cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity were considered as outcome variables. Latent growth curve modelling (LGCM) was applied to determine women's BMI trajectories; then, logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between trajectory patterns of women and cardiovascular risk factors among whole family members.Results: Women were classified into three trajectory groups labeled as normal, overweight, and obese. Compared to women's in the normal trajectory group, those in the overweight and obesity trajectory groups had higher odds ratios for HTN, DM, and dyslipidemia (p < 0.05). In the final model, men with obese spouses showed a higher rate of HTN 1.54 (95% CI: 1.05-2.25) and DM 1.55; (95% CI: 1.00–2.44). The odds of men's obesity were higher in their obese spouses compared to normal weight ones, and the odds ratios were (OR=1.70; 95%CI: 1.10-2.62). Offspring of obese and overweight mothers were more likely to be obese than those whose mothers were normal weight. The odds ratios were (OR=2.39; 95%CI: 1.67-3.44) and (OR=4.81; 95%CI: 3.16-7.34) respectively. The corresponding value for dyslipidemia in offspring with obese mothers were 1.39 (95% CI: 1.00-1.94). Conclusions: Our results showed that women's weight status over time, play a critical role in determining cardiovascular risk, not only in them but also in their family members. The current results emphasized paying more attention to women with excessive weight to promote familial cardiovascular health in the communities.

Background: The long-term parallel changes of physical activity and body mass index (BMI) in the adult population are still unclear. The present study assessed the association between physical activity and BMI over time, considering obesity risk trajectory groups and sex strata. Methods: Total sample of 6897 adults was followed for an average of 12 years. The reliable and validated Iranian version of the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire measured physical activity. After determining the risk clusters in each reexamination using a 2-step cluster analysis, the latent growth curve modeling was used to identify distinct subgroups of individuals following a similar change of risk cluster over time. Latent growth curve modeling estimated the parameters of cross-sectional, prospective, and parallel associations. Results: Three trajectories were identified, including stable low risk, unstable risk, and stable high risk. The results showed significant increases in BMI (kg/m2/year) for the stable low-risk trajectory group 0.478 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.444 to 0.513), unstable risk 0.360 (95% CI, 0.324 to 0.396), and those in the stable high-risk trajectory group 0.255 (95% CI, 0.221 to 0.289). In cross-sectional −0.483 kg/m2 (95% CI, −0.836 to −0.129) and parallel −0.93 kg/m2 (95% CI, −1.862 to 0.00) estimations, significant statistical associations were observed in the stable high-risk trajectory group. Conclusions: The current results showed that changes in physical activity could slightly affect BMI only in stable high-risk adults.