one-layer wound dressings cannot meet all the clinical needs due to their individual characteristics and shortcomings. Therefore, bilayer wound dressings which are composed of two layers with different properties have gained lots of attention. in the present study, polycaprolactone/gelatin (pcL/Gel) scaffold was electrospun on a dense membrane composed of polyurethane and ethanolic extract of propolis (pU/eep). the pU/eep membrane was used as the top layer to protect the wound area from external contamination and dehydration, while the PCL/Gel scaffold was used as the sublayer to facilitate cells' adhesion and proliferation. the bilayer wound dressing was investigated regarding its microstructure, mechanical properties, surface wettability, anti-bacterial activity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and its efficacy in the animal wound model and histopathological analyzes. Scanning electron micrographs exhibited uniform morphology and bead-free structure of the PCL/Gel scaffold with average fibers' diameter of 237.3 ± 65.1 nm. Significant anti-bacterial activity was observed against Staphylococcal aureus (5.4 ± 0.3 mm), Escherichia coli (1.9 ± 0.4 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (1.0 ± 0.2 mm) according to inhibition zone test. The bilayer wound dressing exhibited high hydrophilicity (51.1 ± 4.9°), biodegradability, and biocompatibility. The bilayer wound dressing could significantly accelerate the wound closure and collagen deposition in the Wistar rats' skin wound model. taking together, the pU/eep-pcL/Gel bilayer wound dressing can be a potential candidate for biomedical applications due to remarkable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, antibacterial features, and wound healing activities. Skin is always at the exposer of different types of damages 1. Severe skin damages can be life-threatening due to loss of human body fluids, electrolytes, and nutritional components from the wound area. Therefore, wound dressings have gained lots of attention 2. An ideal wound dressing should protect the wound from external contaminants and facilitate the healing process. However, one-layer wound dressings cannot meet all the clinical needs due to their individual characteristics and shortcomings. Therefore, bilayer wound dressings which are

In the present study, AS1411 aptamer conjugated gold nanoclusters (GNCs) have been introduced as a targeted radiosensitizer for enhancing megavoltage radiation therapy efficacy.

Highlights The vaccine is composed of immunodominant regions of SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins. Also, the functional region of the spike protein is incorporated in the vaccine construct. The final vaccine construct contains multiple CD8+ and CD4+ overlapping epitopes Also, it contains multiple IFN-γ inducing, linear and conformational B cell epitopes. It forms significant interactions and stable complex with TLR-4/MD. The DNA vaccine is designed by reverse translation of the final vaccine construct.

No abstract