Childhood vitiligo differs from adult vitiligo in many clinical parameters. The objective of the current study was to study the clinicoepidemiologic profile of childhood vitiligo and to compare various clinical characteristics of childhood- and later-onset vitiligo. The clinical presentation of vitiligo was examined and analyzed in 762 individuals attending the Dermatology Clinic of Government Medical College, Haldwani, a referral center for the Kumaun region of Uttarakhand state, India, between January 2006 and December 2010. Of the 762 individuals with vitiligo, 268 (35.2%) were children: 152 (56.7%) female and 116 (43.3%) male. The mean age of onset of vitiligo was 6.9 years. A family history of vitiligo was found in 24.3% of children. The most common site of onset was the head and neck (36.9%), followed by the lower limbs and trunk. The most common type of vitiligo observed was acrofacial vitiligo (38.1%), followed by vulgaris, segmental, focal, and mucosal. Leukotrichia was observed in 32.5% of children and Koebner's phenomenon in 24.3%. On comparison of childhood- and later-onset vitiligo, there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in sex, family history, type of vitiligo (segmental and vulgaris), and site of onset. Atopic dermatitis was one of the important cutaneous diseases associated with childhood-onset vitiligo. Thirty-five percent of all patients with vitiligo were children (≤12 yrs). Childhood-onset vitilgo differs from later-onset vitiligo in many clinical parameters such as sex, family history, types of vitiligo, and sites of onset.

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Piebaldism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of melanocyte development characterized by a congenital white forelock and multiple symmetrical stable hypopigmented or depigmented macules. We report a family with piebaldism affecting three successive generations and also review the literature.

This work presents experimental studies on the adsorption characteristics (% dye removal and sorption capacity) of a low‐cost adsorbent, jackfruit leaf powder (JLP), derived from agricultural waste (jackfruit leaves). The prepared JLP was used as adsorbent to study the effect of various parameters namely initial pH, adsorption time, temperature, agitation speed, JLP loading and initial dye concentration on dye removal efficiency. Then, the optimal process parameters for the dye–adsorbent system were determined. It has been observed that the dye removal efficiency increases with increasing the adsorbent dosage, adsorption time as well as stirrer speed and the optimal values of JLP dosage, adsorption time and stirrer speed were found to be 10 g/L, 5 h and 200 rpm, respectively. On the other hand, the dye removal efficiency decreased with increasing the initial dye concentration as well as temperature, indicating that the adsorption on JLP is exothermic and is effective at low concentrations of dye. The variation in dye removal efficiency with pH did not show any regular trend. A sudden drop in the removal efficiency from a pH of 6 to 8 was noticed. Maximum dye removal was obtained at low pH values (between 2 and 5) indicating the fact that the JLP surface is positively charged. JLP resulted in far better values of adsorption capacity (up to 3.7 mg/g) and dye removal efficiency (>80%). Finally, the data were fitted to various equilibrium and kinetic models. Experimental data matched well with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm models. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 461–470, 2015

Background:Vitiligo is a common, acquired, pigmentary disorder characterized by loss of melanocytes resulting in white spots. This disease carries a lot of social stigma in India.Objective:To study the clinico-epidemiological profile of vitiligo patients in Kumaun region of Uttarakhand state in India.Materials and Methods:The clinical presentation of vitiligo was examined and analyzed in 762 vitiligo patients attending the Dermatology outdoor of Government Medical College, Haldwani, which is a referral centre for Kumaun region of Uttarakhand state in India.Results:Male and female patients were found to be affected almost equally. It was observed that onset of vitiligo was most common in 0-10 years age group, as evidenced by 336 cases out of 762 cases. Acrofacial type of vitiligo (339 cases out of 762) was most commonly observed, followed by vitiligo vulgaris, focal, segmental, mucosal, mixed, and universal vitiligo. The most common site of onset was the lower limbs followed by head and neck, upper limbs, trunk, genitalia, and mucasae. Leucotrichia was observed in 33.5%, Koebner's phenomenon in 26.3%, and a positive family history in 19% of the vitiligo patients. The other common conditions associated were thyroid disorders (8.9%), diabetes (5.3%), and atopic dermatitis (4.9%).Conclusion:The study indicates that acrofacial vitiligo is the most common clinical type observed in Kumaun region of Uttarakhand in India. Onset of vitiligo is most common in first decade of life.