Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy. The disease typically affects older individuals aged 60-80 years and is seen most frequently in postmenopausal Caucasian women and Asian men. EMPD exhibits a predilection for the genital and perianal regions and may be associated with an underlying carcinoma in adjacent organs. EMPD presents a challenge in both diagnosis and management. Often treated empirically as various dermatitides, the correct diagnosis is frequently delayed by many years. Following diagnosis, an extensive search for an associated malignancy should be initiated. If invasive disease is present on biopsy, a sentinel lymph node biopsy may guide further treatment. Mohs micrographic surgery appears to be superior to wide local excision when considering tissue sparing ability and disease recurrence. Nonsurgical interventions have also been investigated with varied results. Regardless of treatment method, long-term follow-up is recommended to monitor for local disease recurrence, development of internal malignancy, regional lymphadenopathy, or distant metastasis.

Although cases have been recorded since the sixteenth century, there is still a scarcity of knowledge on the exact causes and factors associated with the development of the disease. Many studies have determined these to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Most cases are non-life-threatening and the preferred method of treatment is surgical removal after diagnosis is confirmed with computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Prognosis is generally positive, especially in the subset of patients with frontoethmoidal encephaloceles.

Pelvic pain can be a life altering disease. Multiple pathologies can affect this region resulting in neurologic issues. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the nerve supply to this region is important for the clinician who treats such patients. The current review outlines the anatomy of the nervous system of the abdominopelvic region with special attention to this anatomy in the female.

Variable bony anatomy at the skull base may result in compression or entrapment of exiting cranial nerves. The authors present an unusual variation of bilateral ossification of the roof of Dorello's canal and review the germane literature. Clinicians might consider ossification of the petrosphenoidal ligament (also called Gruber's ligament) in patients with unexplained cases of abducens nerve palsy.

There are a manifold number of variations and anomalies of the origin and course of coronary arteries described in the literature. The incidence of such variations in the general population is reported to range between 0.3 and 1.6 %. Although uncommon, they may be benign or produce symptoms ranging from mild dyspnea to sudden cardiac death, and have been associated with an increased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis and perfusion defects. Thus, in order to effectively utilize the increasing number of therapeutic options available for treating coronary artery diseases, an appreciation of the likely normal and variable arrangements of the coronary arteries is essential. This review will describe the normal anatomy of the coronary arteries as well as the common variations with potential clinical effects.