In recent years, geotechnical engineers are using tyre waste to alter the properties of soil for providing sustainable solutions to complex engineering problems. It is noted that black cotton soil, which is expansive in nature, covers a major portion of the Indian sub-continent, such as the Deccan plateau, Malwa plateau and a portion of Gujarat and poses challenging problems to infrastructural development in the region. In the present study, authors have characterised the geotechnical properties of black cotton soil, which is partially replaced with 4.75 mm passing -2 mm retained (coarse fraction) and 2.0 mm passing -75 micron retained (fine fraction) shredded tyre waste. The results of the experimental studies clearly show that partial replacement of black cotton soil with shredded tyre waste alters the geotechnical properties favourable to engineering applications and greatly reduces the swelling potential of the black cotton soil. It is noted that instead of fine fraction (2.0-0.075 mm), replacement with coarse fraction (4.75-2.00 mm) of shredded tyre waste can better be used for light weight fill behind the retaining walls as well as for embankment construction as it helps in reducing swelling pressure as well as improving the strength properties.
Reliability analysis of the buried flexible pipe-soil system is performed from three different failure criteria: ͑1͒ deflection; ͑2͒ buckling; and ͑3͒ wall thrust. The response surface methodology is used to establish approximate functional relationships between input variables and output responses and reliability analysis is performed using first-order reliability method approach. The available analytical solutions as well as the results of the numerical analysis are used in the reliability analysis and results are discussed. A comparison of results of the reliability analysis of the buried pipe-soil system in the light of available deterministic solutions indicated that the probabilistic approach, which considers variability in the input parameters provides a means of understanding of the performance of the buried pipe-soil system.
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