The presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA) implicates the neutrophil as a key effector cell. Previous studies have reported elevated neutrophil counts in the lung, although the determinants of neutrophil chemotaxis in the GPA lung are unknown.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and chemokines were measured in 27 patients with GPA, 20 disease controls with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and six healthy controls. CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)8, interleukin (IL)-1b, epithelial neutrophilactivating protein 78, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were measured by ELISA. The neutrophil chemotactic potential of BALF was investigated using the under-agarose method, and specific antibodies were used to examine the role of CXCL8 and IL-1b.GPA BALF had an increased neutrophil percentage, and elevated MPO, CXCL8 and G-CSF concentrations compared with healthy controls. Chemotaxis of control neutrophils towards BALF from patients with active (p50.006) and remission (p50.077) GPA, and IPF (p50.001) patients was increased compared with normal controls. BALF-induced chemotaxis correlated with BALF IL-1b (r50.761, p50.001) and CXCL8 (r50.640, p50.012) in GPA, and was inhibited by anti-CXCL8 (85%; p,0.001) and anti-IL-1b (69%; p,0.001).Our study confirms a neutrophilia and pro-inflammatory alveolar milieu that persists in clinical remission. CXCL8 and IL-1b appear to play important roles in the neutrophil chemotactic response to BALF.

Introduction: There is a wide spectrum of salivary gland lesions with morphologically and clinically diversity which is a difficult task for histopathological interpretation. There are three major salivary glands-parotid, submandibular, and sublingual as well as minor salivary glands distributed throughout the mucosa of the oral cavity. Neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease may develop within any of these. Aims: (1) To study the histopathological features of salivary gland lesions, (2) To study the prevalence of salivary gland lesions in tertiary care hospital, (3) To evaluate the incidence, age at the occurrence, and sex ratio among the patients with salivary gland lesions, (4) To compare the result of our study with other studies. Material and Method: Retrospective study was done from January 2016 to June 2018. The study was done on 55 specimens from patients with salivary gland lesions which are referred to the Department of Pathology from Department of ENT and Surgery, P.D.U. Medical college, Rajkot. Salivary gland specimens were immediately fixed in 10% formalin and processed by paraffin embedding. Sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin stain. Finally, microscopic examination was done to diagnose Result: In present study, out of 55 cases, 05 cases (9.1%) were inflammatory, 41 cases (74.5%) were benign and 09 cases (16.4%) were malignant. Most common benign tumor of salivary gland was pleomorphic adenoma followed by Warthin's tumor. Most common malignant tumor of salivary gland was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Conclusion: Histopathological study of salivary gland lesions is the most important method in establishing the final diagnosis and subtyping. Salivary gland tumors are relatively less common and they exhibit a wide variety of microscopic appearances even within one particular lesions.

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