Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is manifested mainly as two main clinical phenotypes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It is characterized by the presence of poorly reversible airflow obstruction; the presence of other histopathological changes may contribute to the poor response to treatment in many patients. Aim of study: To detect additional changes that involves the lung tissue such as interstitial lung fibrosis in COPD patient. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on ( 16) male patients diagnosed with COPD. All patients were during the stable state, and investigated by spirometry and HRCT. Results: Eight patients had emphysema, four had emphysema and lung fibrosis, two had traction bronchiectasis, one with apical fibrosis and another with possible lung neoplasm, four patients (out of seven) who had obstructive and restrictive pattern on spirometry had interstitial changes compared to two (out of nine of those with obstructive pattern only. Conclusions and Recommendations: HRCT scan is an important diagnostic tool to detect other pulmonary changes that can occur in patients with COPD. Larger studies are needed and obtaining histopathological assessment for these patients.

Background: Microbial exposures have been suggested to confer protection from allergic disorders, and reduced exposures to gastrointestinal microbes have been proposed as an explanation for the increase in asthma severity and prevalence. Since the general prevalence of Helicobacter pylori has been decreasing, we hypothesized that H. pylori serostatus may be inversely related to the severity of asthma. Objective: The aim of this study is to find whether infection with H. pylori reduces the probability of development of severe asthma in patients with persistent asthma. Methodology: In this study fifty patients with persistent asthma includes 19 males and 31 females their ages range between (17 – 66) years For all those patients, full history and complete physical examination have been done, then after, the patients subjected to pulmonary function test. After that, two milliliters sample of venous blood have been drawn, then, the sample centrifuged and sent to assess for H. pylori infection serology. Data was analyzed by using SPSS. Results: There is significant association between severity of asthma and result of H. pylori so with increase severity of asthma there is decrease in percentage of positive H. pylori serology. And there is no statistical significant are noted between patients sex or age and results of H. pylori infection test. Conclusion: There is significant inverse association between severity of asthma and result of H. pylori infection serology. This association not affected by ages and sex of patients. Recommendations: Since the exact mechanism by which H. pylori affect asthma is not clear, there is need for further studies to explore it.