Background: Hypertension is a major long-term health condition and is the leading cause of premature deaths among persons experiencing sedentary urban life style behaviors such as high calorie diet, lack of physical exercise and job stress. The objectives of the present study was to determine prevalence & various risk factors of hypertension among municipal school teachers in an urban slum.  Methods:The study area was a field practice area of tertiary care hospital in a metropolitan city. Municipal school teachers from suburban slums were the study participants. Teachers above 35 years of age and want to participate in study were included. The total sample size obtained was 220.Results: 40% of the teachers were belonged to 35-40 years of age group. 70.9% of the study participants were women. Among 220 teachers 36.4% were having normal blood pressure. 43.6% teachers were in the pre- hypertension stage, while 14.5% and 5.5% were in stage- 1 and stage- 2 hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 20%. In present study it was found that as the age advances chances of contracting hypertension also increases [P=0.006]. Statistically significant relation between obesity and hypertension is seen [P=0.007]. There was a significant relation between physical activity and prevalence of hypertension [P = 0.021].Conclusions:Increasing age, obesity and sedentary lifestyle are proportionally related to the development of hypertension which was statistically significant.

Background: Diarrhoeal diseases represent a major health problem in developing countries. Conservative estimates place the global death toll from diarrhoeal diseases at about two million deaths per year (1.7 - 2.5 million deaths), ranking third among all cases of infectious disease death worldwide. The prime purpose of an outbreak investigation is to control the outbreak, limit its spread to other areas and assess how preventive strategies could be further strengthened to reduce or eliminate the risk of such outbreak in future.Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study of epidemic occurred in Khetiya village, Dist Barwani (MP), population of 67,500 during 17 October 2016 to 17 November 2016. All the cases reported within last one week around the market place village in Khetiya, presenting with symptoms and signs of AGE (as per standard case definition of IDSP) and willing to participate in the investigation.Results: Males were 56.96%, & female cases were 43.03%. Majority of the study subjects lied between 20-40 years. The mean age was 30.15±5 years. Majority of the cases belonged to lower middle class SES (38%). 87% population was tribal, 48% cases were labourers, 42% were farmers and 10% were others.Conclusions: Males were 56.96%, & female cases were 43.03%. Majority of the study subjects lied between 20-40 years. The mean age was 30.15±5 years. Majority of the cases belonged to lower middle class SES (38%). 87% population was tribal, 48% cases were labourers, 42% were farmers and 10% were others.

Background: Geriatrics population is an important part of the total community and comprises of about 7-8% of the whole population of one community. Since the expectation of life is also increasing steadily and quality of life being emphasized more & more in our country, the senior citizen group is getting importance day by day. The present study was carried to find the various social, economical and medical aspects related to geriatrics population in rural area. Methods: The community based cross sectional study was carried out at a village among 427 study subjects using pre-validated questionnaire. Data was collected regarding their health related problems, Pallor was seen for anemia. Data was analysed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Majority of elderly population lies between the 60 to 70 years of population (84%). Joint pains followed by cataract, anemia were predominant among male subjects whereas anemia was found more in prevalence among female subjects followed by joint pains, cataract, hypertension and Diabetes. Conclusions: Existing geriatric healthcare setup needs to be strengthened and should be sensitised enough to consider such differential nature of geriatric concerns.

Background: Almost 2.5 billion people don’t have the access to clean toilet globally. In 2011 sanitation coverage globally was 64%. While open defecation is declining across the globe, 15% (one billion) of the global population still defecate outdoors. OFD practices are associated with transmission of variety of infectious diseases. This study was conducted to understand the nature of defecation practices with respect to hygiene in a tribal community.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted among patients attending out-patient department of a rural health training center from a nearby tribal area, Thane district, Maharashtra which is a field practice area of rural health training centre of Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai.Results: Majority of the subjects practiced open field defecation (67%), followed by 18% subjects used household latrines and 15% used community based latrines. Majority of the study participants practiced open field defecation in agriculture fields (81%), while 44% preferred nearby water source as a site for defecation.Conclusions: The sanitary condition in the study area was poor. Rural areas with better literacy seems to have lower open field defecation prevalence and higher percentages of sanitary latrine usage.

BACKGROUNDOrgan donation is one of the greatest advances of modern science. Since the Transplantation of Human Organs Act (THO Act) was passed in India, in 1994, Organ transplant activity was possible from Brain Stem dead donors in India. We have actual organ donation rate for cadaver in India is currently 0.05 per million population. Education programs have recently been suggested as a new approach in solving the organ shortage. This study intends to assess the awareness about organ donation among young Nursing students and staff in a tertiary apex institute in a metropolitan area. Aims and Objectives -To assess the knowledge and address the concerns about organ donation among nursing staff and identifying the de-motivating factors in organ donation and hence to evolve strategies for promotion of organ donation among them. MATERIALS AND METHODSIt was a cross-sectional study, 98 nursing students and nursing staff working in Apex Medical in Metropolitan area who consented to participate in the study were enrolled in this study using universal sampling method. A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information by interview. RESULTSAmong all the 98 participants, 83% participants knew the terminology of organ donation; only 50% participants said that organ can be donated by living donor as well as after death. Only 39% knew about the fact that brain stem death and coma are different; however, their knowledge was inadequate. Only 52% knew that close relative's consent is important before organ donation. About half of the participants (46%) felt that organ donation is accepted by all religions. About 69% participants were found willing to donate their organs after their brain stem death and about 62% were willing to donate their relative's organs. CONCLUSIONNursing staff is the most important caretaker of the patients when patients are indoor or in intensive care units. Though majority of participants were aware of terminology of Organ Donation, they did not have appropriate knowledge regarding the concept.