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Today’s modern, dynamic world would be impossible to imagine without the concept of composite material advancement. Various studies are being conducted in this area in order to reach the desired level. In terms of compatibility, natural fibre reinforced polymer-based composites and synthetic fibre composites are very similar. Because they are lightweight, nontoxic, and nonabrasive, they are very popular with consumers. They are also readily available and affordable. Composite materials made from natural fibre have superior mechanical properties compared to those made from synthetic fibre. As part of this research, an epoxy-based composite with bamboo and sisal fibre reinforcement is examined. Reinforced with epoxy resin, bamboo fibre and sisal fibre are used to make composite materials. The effect of adding bamboo fibre and sisal fibre in various weight percentages on the mechanical behaviour of composites is investigated.

Magnesium (AZ31) is an excellent choice for a bionic implant. To enhance biocompatibility, the hardest graphene nanoparticles were reinforced with biocompatible materials. In this paper, biocompatibility composite material is produced by stir-casting nanoshell particles reinforced with various weight percentages (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt. percent) of AZ31 magnesium alloy. To understand the mechanical properties of the composite material, results of which are compared to the base alloy (AZ31) are used. The study mentioned how AZ31 magnesium alloy, reinforced with reinforcing particles, may be used to create implant-related human bone materials. Magnesium alloy reinforced with reinforcing particles is described in the study.

CAD used to facilitate engineering design, modeling, simulation, analysis, and manufacturing. Recent advancement in computer graphics, medical imaging, and Image processing created new ways for CAD in the design, modeling, and development of many novels and essential biomedical and non-biomedical applications. The Biomedical use to develop implant, scaffold, prostheses, surgical guide, and other medical devices. The non-medical use in forensic, anthropology, passenger safety product design, and impact analysis. This review article gives an overview of various recent approaches for the development of virtual Bio-CAD models from high resolution medical images. It shows how to choose the appropriate path as per the application's requirement in terms of its complexity and capturing features. Key publications from the reputed peer-reviewed journals and books have been reviewed and presented a different approach to develop Bio-CAD models from non-invasive medical imaging data. Different methods used to develop the interfaces are biomedical software, STL interface, and reverse engineering discussed from various research study have been explored. Recent advances in state-of-art technology such as CAD, medical imaging, and image processing, and reverse engineering techniques made it possible to easily reconstruct the 3D CAD models, which will be useful for other downstream applications. This study concludes that the Bio-CAD model plays a dominant role in all downstream applications for the design, analysis, simulation, and manufacturing of complex biomimetic scaffold, patient-specific implants, surgical guides, prosthesis, organ bio blueprints, and other biomedical models. The outcome from the literature review strongly suggested that Bio-CAD modeling will soon be the future for all medical practitioners, biomedical engineers, and manufacturers and will use in all computer-assisted surgery and planning. This paper is beneficial to study the development of Bio-CAD models techniques and its applications in design, modeling, analysis, and manufacturing of biomedical and nonbiomedical researchers.

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