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Aim:This study was conducted to know the epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of free-ranging wild herbivores and adjoining livestock of Panna Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India.Materials and Methods:A total of 374 fecal samples from wild herbivores (Chital Axis axis - 123, Sambar Rusa unicolor - 94, Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus - 86, and Chinkara Gazella bennettii - 71) and 284 fecal samples of domestic herbivores (cattle - 118, buffalo - 78, and goat - 88) were collected from common grazing land and adjoining area of tiger reserve. Detailed coprological examination for the presence of parasitic eggs/oocysts by direct smear examination, standard sedimentation, and floatation techniques was performed.Results:Fecal samples (n=374) of four different species of wild herbivores were screened. Out of which, 55.61% (n=208) were positive for parasitic infection. Among them, 13.10% (n=49) were positive for mixed parasitic infection of two or more parasite and 42.5% (n=159) were found positive for single parasitic infection. A total of 284 fecal samples of domestic animals were screened from adjoining areas of the tiger reserve. Out of which, 66.54% (n=189) were positive for parasitic infections, out of which 19.71% (n=56) were positive for mixed infection of two or more parasites, and 46.83% (n=133) were found positive for single parasitic infection.Conclusion:Wild herbivores at Panna Tiger Reserve were exposed to parasites including some that are known to be pathogenic; majority of wild animals had mixed infection of Eimeria spp., Trichuris spp., Moniezia spp., Amphistome, Strongyloides spp., Balantidium spp., and Fasciola spp.

The sloth bear (melursus ursinus) belongs to family Ursidae and it is endemic to Indian subcontinent. Sloth bear is completely protected under schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and listed as vulnerable species in the World Conservation Union’s Red List of Threatened Animals and also listed under Appendix I of CITES (Garshelis et al., 1999). Severe blow on chest by blunt object and leakage of blood from capillaries caused accumulation of blood in lung parenchyma , resulted into a condition known as Pulmonary contusion. The accumulation in the lung tissue interferes with efficiency of alveoli and bronchioles for gas exchange, potentially leading to inadequate oxygen levels (hypoxia) and death. A rare case of a pulmonary contussion has been noticed during routine post-mortem examination at School of Wildlife Forensic and Health, Jabalpur, (M.P.)

The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is amega herbivores and represents one of the most critically endangered species of large mammals in the world. Few infectious diseases are responsible to decrease their number both wild and in semi-captive condition. Diseases that are shared between species also represent a potential burden to the whole ecosystem, affecting biodiversity, changing behavior or composition of animal populations, and even relegating species to the fringe of extinction (Daszak et al., 2000). Pasturollesis is an acute and often fatal disease primarily occurring in water buffaloes and cattle, but occasionally other domesticated and wild mammals and caused by particular serotypes of gram-negative bacterium Pasteurella multocida and manifested by an acute and highly fatal septicaemia.

Ultrasonography has been considered as one of the most valuable diagnostic tools in veterinary medicine. The study standardizes the Doppler ultrasonographic hepato biliary biometric features in six leopards (Panthera pardus). The hepato biliary ultrasonographic examination was performed under general anaesthesia while lateral recumbency using a 3.5 MHz convex array transducer. The hepatobiliary images obtained at area covered the periphery just behind the sternum and last ribs of thorax on left and right side of abdomen. Gall bladder was visualized at a moderate pressure below the level of sternum. The hepato biliary measurements were recorded and it can be concluded that Doppler ultrasonography as valuable technique for measuring hepato biliary biometric features and could be used as reference values for diagnosis of hepato biliary diseases and disorders in leopards.