A simple and nearly direct procedure has been developed for the determination of As in beers, based on hydride generation and atomic fluorescence detection. Using 2 mol l 21 HCl with a carrier flow of 6 ml min 21 , 3% m/v NaBH 4 with a flow of 1.3 ml min 21 , a reaction coil of 200 cm and an argon flow of 400 ml min 21 , total arsenic in beer could be determined in samples diluted 1 : 10 with a final concentration of 2 mol l 21 HCl, 1% m/v KI and 0.08% v/v of an antifoam agent. For the estimation of As III and As V concentrations in beer samples, the difference between the analytical sensitivities of the fluorescence signals obtained for As hydride, without and with previous treatment of samples with KI, can be used, based on a simple proportional equations approach. The methodology developed provides a limit of detection of 39 ng l 21 As, a dynamic range between 0 and 1 ng ml 21 , a variation coefficient between 0.1 and 4.9% (1.01-12.89 ng ml 21 As) and recovery values of 95¡2% for As III and 96¡2% for As V . Data found for the direct determination of total As in market samples varied from 1.01 to 12.89 ng ml 21 , being in relatively good agreement with those obtained after a previous sample ashing.
El presente artículo propone tres actividades de carácter gamificado y experiencial para las clases de E/LE enfocadas a un nivel A1+: un juego de cartas basado en el Cards Against Humanity(2011), una cata de comida inspirada en Master Chefy un juego de rol mediatizado a través de la plataforma Classcraft(2016). Estas están destinadas a reforzar contenidos gramaticales y léxicos como los adjetivos y la flexión de género, los usos de datos personales o la construcción de oraciones simples. Además de ello, el carácter flexible de estas actividades permite trabajar conlos componentes interculturales, socioculturales y afectivos.
Resumen: El trabajo que se presenta es una propuesta teórico-práctica sobre la argumentación oral en el aula de E/LE a partir de ciertos conceptos sobre la argumentación como los topoi o los tipos de argumentos. El estudio se divide en dos secciones: por una parte, se mostrarán las bases teóricas en la que se sustenta la propuesta y; por otra parte, se propondrán una serie de actividades para llevar a cabo en el aula de E/LE con el objetivo de mejorar las habilidades argumentativas de nuestro alumnado. Palabras clave: argumentación en la lengua, topoi, orientación argumentativa. Yes, teacher, but… Learning to teach oral argumentation in E/LE classroom Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explain how the theory of arguments can help E/LE students to improve their oral argumentative skills. For instance, notion like topoi, which is a concept of the theory of arguments based on Anscombre and Ducrot approach, or even the types of arguments. To do this, this paper first displays the theoretical basis of this framework, and second it promotes a set of activities to achieve an improvement in the student’s argumentative skills. Key words: theory of arguments, topoi, argumentative orientation
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