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Background: Clinical studies have shown that prolonged seizures result in increased cytokine production in the central nervous system. Aim of work: To focus on diagnostic value of interleukin-1 receptor antagonists in refractory epilepsy.

Background: Early management is necessary for neonatal sepsis (NS), a clinical disease that may be life-threatening. Initial symptoms are frequently vague and might resemble a number of other medical disorders. In newborn populations, NS is a significant cause of death and morbidity. Objective: The objective of this study was to study Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in diagnosis and of neonatal sepsis. Patients and Methods: This study was a case control study which conducted at Neonatology unit, Pediatrics department, Zagazig University Hospitals. Mean Platelet Volume were measured for all neonates. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between cases group and controls group regarding demographic data. There was statistically positive correlation between MPV and WBCs and negative correlation between MPV and (Apgar score). MPV showed a significant negative correlation with gestational age, birth weight, platelet count, whereas it showed statistically significant positive correlation with CRP and the I/T ratio. In this study, regarding Diagnostic accuracy of MPV, Sensitivity was 96.7%, Specificity was 93.3%, PPV was 67.4%, NPV was 50% and accuracy was 66.7%. Conclusion: MPV increases significantly in neonates with sepsis. MPV could be a useful as early diagnostic marker in neonatal sepsis.

Background: Neonatal thrombosis is a rare disorder usually develops because of underlying conditions in the neonatal period, such as thrombophilia gene mutations, sepsis, congenital heart disease and surgical interventions or intravascular catheters. Objective: The goal is to look at the prevalence of neonatal thrombophilia and its risk factors among neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Patients and methods: A cohort research that took place in neonatal ICUs in Zagazig University Hospitals from January to December 2021. Forty patients were involved. Patients were given a thorough medical history, clinical, neurological examinations, laboratory routine tests and Screening for thrombophilia gene variants by RT-PCR using the Vienna Lab Diagnostics GmbH's (FVL, PTH and MTHFR Strip Assay) ® A kit (Vienna, Austria).Results: Concerning factor V gene mutation (G1691A) there was 6 (15%) had mutations, four of them (10%) showed heterozygous and two (5%) showed homozygous s mutations while 34 (85%) were normal. Nine (22.5%) patients had mutation of prothrombin G2010A gene with five (12.5%) of them were heterozygous and four (10%) were homozygous while 31 (77.5%) were normal. As regard MTHR C677T, 10 (25%) were normal, 23 (57.5%) had heterogeneous and 7 (17.5%) showed homozygous mutations. There was statistically significant increase in D-dimer and the presence of the Factor V (G1691A) and prothrombin G20210A while it was non-significant as regard mutations of MTHFR C677T. Conclusion: Neonatal thrombosis is a critical condition. Its incidence increased with the presence of homozygous thrombophilia gene mutations especially with surgical intervention or venous catheterization.