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Date of publication xxxx 00, 0000, date of current version xxxx 00, 0000.

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Generating electric power from solar energy is a vastly growing technology worldwide. This paper investigates and evaluates the performance of a solar power generation system utilizing variable structure control with sliding mode for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This controller is implemented on a buck-boost dc-dc power converter to track the maximum power point (MPP). The suggested controlled solar energy system also includes a dc-link capacitance, a voltage-source inverter, and a grid filter. Energybased control is performed for the voltage of the dc-link capacitor. Space vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) with current control in dq rotating frame is utilized to govern the inverter. The suggested system is simulated and subjected to various operating conditions. The results demonstrate the power captured from photovoltaic (PV) panels and delivered to the grid while tracking the MPP. For more confidence on the MPPT controller, practical experimentation is introduced using a real PV panel and power circuit with interfacing to a personal computer (PC). The proposed design is subjected to various experimental tests to ensure its validity.INDEX TERMS DC-DC power converters, maximum power point trackers, sliding mode control, solar energy, space vector pulse width modulation, variable structure systems.

Trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted parasite in humans. Metronidazole has been the gold standard for treatment of trichomoniasis. The prevalence of metronidazole resistance and its unpleasant adverse effects drew the attention to the investigation of other lines of treatment, as that of herbal medicine. Garlic has been proven to have antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and antihelminthic activity. The current study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available garlic (Tomex®) on T. vaginalis in vitro. The effect of different concentrations of garlic (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) was determined on multiplication and motility of trophozoites at different time points (after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h) in comparison to the same concentrations of metronidazole at the same different time points. The results showed that parasite multiplication inhibition was noticed in proportion of concentration of Tomex and incubation time. The minimal lethal concentration of Tomex was 100 μg/ml after 24 h, 50 μg/ml after 48 h, 25 μg/ml after 72 h, and 12.5 μg/ml after 96 h. These results were similar to that of metronidazole as its minimal lethal concentration was 50 μg/ml after 24 and 48 h and 12.5 μg/ml after 72 and 96 h. Garlic had completely inhibited the motility of trophozoites with concentration of 100 μg/ml after 24 h, 50 μg/ml after 48 h, 25 μg/ml after 72 h, and 12.5 μg/ml after 96 h while metronidazole had completely inhibited the motility of trophozoites with concentration of 50 μg/ml after 24 h, 25 μg/ml after 48 h, and 12.5 μg/ml after 72 and 96 h. This suggests that commercially available garlic (Tomex®) may be a promising phytotherapeutic agent for trichomoniasis.