<p><strong>Aim<br /></strong> To determine factors associated with overweight/obesity in preschool children. <br /><strong>Methods<br /></strong> This cross-sectional study was carried out in paediatric outpatient departments of the Public Institution Primary Health Care Centre of Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study included 300 preschool children who were divided into two groups: normal weight (n=150) and overweight/obese (n=150). Children were weighed and measured and body mass index was calculated. Data concerning potential childhood overweight/obesity risk factors (sociodemographic characteristics of child and mother, physical activity and sedentary behaviour of the child) were collected using a designed questionnaire filled in by the mothers. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between potential risk factors and overweight/obesity in preschool children. <br /><strong>Results<br /></strong>Male gender of the children (p=0.043) and maternal overweight (p=0.000) were positively associated with child overweight/obesity. Male children were 1.6 times more likely to be overweight/obese than female (95% CI: 1.01-2.53). Children of overweight mothers were 3.34 times more likely to be overweight/ obese than children with mothers of normal weight (95% CI: 1.77-6.28). Physical activity <60 minutes/day) (p=0.014), screen time >180 minutes/day (p=0.020), regular snacking while watching television, using computer/tablet/ mobile phones (p=0.000) were associated with overweight/obesity status of the preschool children. <br /><strong>Conclusion<br /></strong> Public health programs that aim to reduce overweight/ obesity in preschool children should mainly help mothers understand the serious risk of childhood obesity and the importance of them creating a healthy lifestyle in childhood.</p>

Aim To investigate the relationship between educational level and self-reported physical and mental health in the population of Sarajevo Canton. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in family medicine outpatient departments of the Primary Health Care Centre of Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study included 300 respondents who were divided into lower-and higher-education groups (≤12 years and >12 years of education, respectively). The SF-36 questionnaire for self-assessment of mental and physical health and a questionnaire for the evaluation of socio-demographic characteristics were used. Results The mean values for the mental component summary (MCS) were significantly lower in the lower education (56.86±23.02) than in the higher education group (65.08±20.91) (p=0.001). The mean values for the physical component summary (PCS) were significantly lower in the lower education (61.77 ±21.60) than in the higher education group (74.26 ±17.89) (p=0.000). On average, females had significantly lower scores than males on both the PCS (p=0.00) and the MCS (p=0.00). There was significant relationship of low education with self-reported poor mental (B=6.547, SE=2.481; p=0.009) and physical health (B=10.870, SE=2.248; p=0.024). Increased age was associated with poorer PCS and better MCS. Conclusion Educational level is a strong determinant of perceived health. The importance of education should be emphasized to children as vitally important for their future health.

Autizam je poremećaj koji se očituje poteškoćama u društvenim interakcijama i komunikaciji te neuobičajenim ponašanjem. Višestruke poteškoće povezane s autizmom nisu izazov samo za oboljelu djecu u razvoju već i za njihove roditelje. Pružanje dugotrajne skrbi djetetu s autizmom može postati opterećujuće i negativno utjecati na fizičko i mentalno zdravlje roditelja. Ovim preglednim radom će se prikazati percipirano zdravlje roditelja djece s autizmom u odnosu na percipirano zdravlje roditelja djece tipičnog razvoja. Pretražena je PubMed baza podataka. Korišteni su ključni pojmovi „Self-Assessment”- samoprocjena, „Health Status ”- zdravstveni status te “Parents“ - roditelji, „Autism“ – autizam. U provedenim istraživanjima pokazano je da roditelji djece s autizmom u odnosu na roditelje djece tipičnog razvoja imaju lošije percipirano fizičko i mentalno zdravlje, te da izjavljuju da se njihovo zdravlje pogoršalo u posljednjih godinu dana. Mentalno zdravlje majki je lošije od mentalnog zdravlja očeva. Utvrđeno je da su skladni porodični odnosi, visok socio-ekonomski status i zajednica koja podržava porodice sa autističnim djetetom protektivni faktori zdravlja roditelja. Većina roditelja djece sa autizmom ima povećanu razinu stresa, deprivaciju sna i osjeća se umorno što direktno utječe na njihovo mentalno i fizičko funkcioniranje. Unatoč takvim poteškoćama, mnogi roditelji djece s autizmom su izjavili da se osjećaju prilično sretnima, postigavši više od 7 bodova na skali sreće 0–10. Budući da su roditelji glavni pružatelji podrške djeci s autizmom, očuvanje dobrog zdravlja i dobrobiti roditelja preduvjet je optimalne skrbi za djecu. Stoga je mjerenje percepcije zdravlja roditelja ključno u procjeni ishoda bolesti i liječenja.

<p><strong>Aim<br /></strong> To explore preventive health service utilization in patients treated by family physicians and the factors associated with their use. <br /><strong>Methods<br /></strong> This cross-sectional study was carried out in family medicine outpatient departments of the Primary Health Care Canter of Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study included 300 patients (150 males and 150 females). A questionnaire for the evaluation of patients' socio-demographic characteristics, health profile and use of preventive health services was used. <br /><strong>Results<br /></strong> Females visited family physicians significantly more often than males (p=0.001). About 51.2% of males reported undergoing a prostate examination within the past 2 years, 77% of females had an examination of the breast within the past 2 years, 9.8% of males and 10.5% of females had received influenza immunization in past 12 months. A number of visits to family physicians in the last twelve months was significantly associated with having had a prostate examination (digital rectal examination and/or prostate-specific antigen testing) (B=1.413, SE=0.171; p=0.043) and an examination of the breast (clinical breast examination and/or mammography) (B=1.817, SE=0.307; p=0.041). Advancement in age was positively associated with influenza immunization (B=2.901, SE=0.026; p=0.000). <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong> <br />A visit to family physicians was an important step along the causal pathway to receiving preventive services (a prostate examination, an examination of breast). Adults aged 18-64 years were not well protected against influenza and comprehensive strategies are needed.</p>

Djeca s poteškoćama u razvoju koriste iste usluge službi za zaštitu zdravlja djece kao i djeca tipičnog razvoja, ali u odnosu na njih nešto učestalije i intenzivnije. Također, radi održavanja ili poboljšanja funkcionalne sposobnosti ova djeca koriste medicinsku rehabilitaciju koja općenito nije potrebna djeci bez poteškoća u razvoju. Zadovoljstvo uslugama zdravstvene skrbi među roditeljima djece s poteškoćama u razvoju može utjecati na djetetovu adherenciju prema terapiji i posljedično na učinkovitost terapije. Ovim preglednim radom će se prikazati determinante zadovoljstva zdravstvenim uslugama roditelja djece s poteškoćama u razvoju. Pretražena je PubMed baza podataka. Korišteni su ključni pojmovi „Children with disabilities ”- djeca s poteškoćama u razvoju, „Parents satisfaction ”- zadovoljstvo roditelja te “ Health care services“ - zdravstvene usluge. U provedenim istraživanjima pokazano je da je većina roditelja djece s poteškoćama u razvoju zadovoljna dobivenim zdravstvenim uslugama u specijalističkoj ambulanti. Specifična iskustva sa specijalističkom ambulantom (posebno: liječenje prilagođeno stanju i potrebama djeteta i dobra saradnja zdravstvene ustanove sa drugim institucijama javnog sektora npr. institucijama socijalnog/obrazovnog sektora) bile su najsnažnije determinante ukupnog zadovoljstva roditelja. Zadovoljstvo roditelja bilo je u manjoj mjeri povezano s višom razinom psihosocijalnog funkcioniranja djeteta, višim socioekonomskim statusom i ženskim spolom roditelja. Glavne determinante zadovoljstva roditelja načinom saopćavanja dijagnoze bile su: izravna komunikacija, razumijevanje brige roditelja i dobre komunikacijske vještina osobe koja saopćava dijagnozu, te dobivanje dovoljno informacija. Glavna determinanta zadovoljstva roditelja uslugama rehabilitacije bila je saradnja sa ljekarom koja je omogućavala donošenje zajedničkih odluka i raspodjelu odgovornosti. Podaci o zadovoljstvu zdravstvenim uslugama roditelja djece s poteškoćama u razvoju važni su pokazatelji kvaliteta zdravstvene skrbi za djecu. Mjerenje zadovoljstva dobivenim zdravstvenim uslugama pružateljima usluga može poslužiti za poboljšanja skrbi, ispunjavanje očekivanja pacijenata i učinkovito praćenje uspješnosti zdravstvene skrbi.