The biology of reproduction was investigated in 63 1 specimens of Synodontis schall taken from the White Nile near Khartoum. Morphological changes of the gonads were followed for twelve months and the results used to classify their different developmental stages and maturity. Water and ash content of the gonads varied slightly from month to month and this variation was more pronounced during the breeding season. Gonosomatic indices also varied in the same manner. Synodontis schalI spawns from July to September and females are ripe at the early age of I. Absolute fecundity ranged from 10 000 to 90 000 eggs and was highly correlated with growth parameters such as length, weight and age. Variations in the diameter of the eggs during the breeding season were also followed.

The Sumatran striped rabbit (Nesolagus netscheri Schlegel, 1880) is the least known lagomorph in the world. This paper describes the first record of a young N. netscheri that was offered for sale (the size is approximately 52–56% of the adult), together with an adult, by a social media group in February 2018. The rabbits were reportedly obtained from the Dempo mountain, South Sumatra. Compared to previous descriptions of N. netscheri, the Dempo mountain specimens have longer ears (47–52 mm vs. 34–50 mm), shorter tails (9–15 mm vs. 17 mm) and shorter hindfeet (60–65 mm vs. 67–87 mm). The threats to N. netscheri are revisited and discussed.

SummaryThe population structure, age, growth, mortality and harvest intensity of the oyster Crassostrea madrasensis were examined in the Moheskhali Channel, Bangladesh between June 2003 and May 2004. The channel is a representative habitat for the area. C. madrasensis monthly length frequency data were analyzed using FiSAT software for estimating population parameters, including asymptotic length (L µ ), growth coefficient (K) and recruitment pattern to assess the status of the stock. Asymptotic length (Lµ) and growth co-efficient (K) were 20.88 cm and 0.35 year, respectively. The growth performance index (u¢) was calculated with 2.18. The growth pattern showed negative allometric growth (b < 3), with an asymptotic weight (W µ ) of about 1124.6 g. The oyster attained an average length of 6.17 cm at the end of 1 year. Total mortality (Z) by length-converted catch curve was estimated at 1.78 year )1 , fishing mortality (F) at 0.77 year )1 , and natural mortality (M) at 1.01 year )1 . The exploitation level (E) of C. madrasensis was 0.43, while the maximum allowable limit of exploitation (E max ) was 0.45 for the highest yield. The recruitment pattern was continuous, displaying a single major peak event per year. Habitat temperatures were 25.5-31.0°C (mean ± SD, 29 ± 1.62°C); salinity range was from 12.36 to 26.0 ppt (mean ± SD, 19.6 ± 4.7 ppt). The exploitation level (0.43) indicated that the oyster stock was exploited at almost maximum yield in this channel.

A study to determine morphological characets of freshwater stingray in Musi River of South Sumatra Province has been conducted from June to December 2020. The fishes were collected in Musi River where located at middle of Palembang city. Collected specimens were preserved to Animal Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science of Sriwijaya University. There are four species of freshwater stingrays collected, Fluvitrygon oxyrhyncha. Fluvitrygon kittipongi. Fluvitrygon signifer, and Fluvitrygon sp ‘musi’ 2. The results of the measurement of morphometric and morphological characteristics showed that there were differences in size and morphological characteristics of the types of fish found, indicating that stingray had different size ranges.