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BACKGROUND: To improve production efficiency, positive alleles corresponding to yield-related attributes must be accumulated in a single elite background. We designed and used cgSSR markers, which are superior to random SSR markers in genome-wide association study, to identify genomic regions that contribute to panicle characters and grain yield in this study.RESULTS: As evidenced by the high polymorphic information content value and gene diversity coefficient, the new cgSSR markers were determined to be highly informative. These cgSSR markers were employed to generate genotype data for an association panel evaluated for four panicle characters and grain yield over three seasons. For five traits, 17 significant marker-trait associations on six chromosomes were discovered. The percentage of phenotypic variance that could be explained ranged from 4% to 13%. Unrelated gene-derived markers had a strong association with target traits as well.CONCLUSION: Trait-associated cgSSR markers derived from corresponding or related genes ensure their utility in direct allele selection, while other linked markers aid in allele selection indirectly by altering the phenotype of interest. Through a markerassisted breeding approach, these marker-trait associations can be leveraged to accumulate favourable alleles for yield enhancement in rice.

Background: The conditions of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) must be met in order for a new variety to be registered or protected. DUS testing ensures that a novel variety is unique from other existing varieties and that the farmers will produce a variety with consistent traits that will remain intact in subsequent generations to follow. However, DUS testing does not provide information about genetic diversity as a result, cluster analysis was performed. Methods: Twenty-two farmers’ varieties (FVs) of pea (Pisum sativum L.) were collected from Vindhyan zone of eastern Uttar Pradesh and were grown in randomized block design with three replications during rabi 2019-20 and 2020-2021. FVs were characterized according to DUS guidelines of the PPV and FRA, 2001 and were subjected for Agglomerative cluster analysis by using Ward’s method. Result: All the characters were found uniform and stable in their expression in consecutive two seasons. PKKK-227 and PMKK-232 were similar to each other, while rest FVs were found distinct. The varieties were grouped into 5 clusters, among which maximum genotypes (8) were in cluster II and minimum genotypes (2) were in cluster V. Cluster I, III and IV had 4, 3 and 5 farmers’ varieties respectively. FVs in cluster II are more or less similar to each other; hence they have a common ancestor. Ramaipur had maximum diversity among the villages of Vindhyan zone.