Cameroon has a diverse natural environment with five agro-ecological zones that support the cultivation of many crops. The country relies mainly on agriculture, with main export crops such as cocoa, coffee, cotton and banana. The agricultural sector occupies an average of about 47 million hectares of land with different production system practices such as mono cropping, mixed cropping, intercropping etc. Biotic factors are major constraints. These biotic constraints are seriously hindering the crop production, resulting to pre-and post-harvest losses and lower yields. These pests are mainly from the arthropod, vertebrate, mollusk, weeds and nematode groups and disease-causing pathogen such as fungi, viruses and bacteria. With these constraints famers in developing world like Cameroon are forced to look for ways to control these pests and pathogens which lead to the use of numerous preventive and curative techniques including the use of insecticides. Using insecticides is not against the law but the application methods and the supply routes carried out by farmers and traders respectively might be bad. This is why this chapter reviews the insecticides supply routes, registration procedure and registered insecticides, insecticidal application with its malpractices while looking at its intoxication as well as the alternatives to the use of synthetic insecticides in Cameroon and make possible recommendations to promote judicious use of insecticides in Cameroon.

Evaluating fishing methods and associated gears over the time is one key to understanding the sustainability of fisheries resources. Well-managed fishery is expected to use gear that catch most of the available species at sizes that do not undermine sustainability. This study investigates effects of two fishing gears used in two landing sites of Kribi and sustainable exploitation of fishery resources. The semi-direct survey included questionnaire interview from fishermen and direct observation of fishing gears at the time of operation was chosen to collect information. A total of 299 bottom-set gillnets with mesh sizes ranging from 15 mm to 100 mm and 17 beach seines were listed at both landing sites. Beach seine catches combined as well as pelagic, demersal or benthic species. Among the species caught, Ilisha africana was the dominant species followed by Pseudotolithus senegalensis, Pseudotolithus typus. Cath profile of bottom-set gillnet showed that Pseudotolithus typus, Pseudolithus senegalensis, and Cynoglossus sp. were the three dominant species. No growing stage is spared by the beach seine catches and the minimum size obtained was 4 cm for Selenne dorsalis and Pseudotolithus senegalensis. The reduction in size and relative high number of landed species result from pressure on fishery resources, non-compliance with regulations in terms of gear and fishing techniques.