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This article explores municipal challenges to nation-state-based immigration and migration policy, as exemplified in the sanctuary city movement in the United States, the solidarity city concept as it emerged in Canada, and the more recent Solidarity Cities initiative based in the European Union. By examining the divergent history and goals of these initiatives, the article also offers an overview of the conflicts and countermobilization that have erupted regarding urban-based sanctuary, refuge and solidarity policies and movements, and offers conclusions regarding how global strategies regarding sanctuary, migrant rights, and justice are being formed.

Inspired by the “gendered turn” in immigration studies, this paper traces the particular ways that Germany's immigration history has been marked with gendered concerns, from its earliest policy on guest workers to its more recent commitment to promoting integration among newcomers. Utilizing the National Integration Plan (2007) as a lens through which to examine this trajectory, this analysis suggests that the Plan's specific, gendered provisions not only mark immigrant women as “imperiled Others” but also ignore structural factors that influence, and sometimes hinder, integration. In so doing, the German state maintains notions of an egalitarian, emancipated, and progressive citizenry, while crafting an integration policy that is both coercive and non-inclusive—and that continues to mark immigrant women both as obstacles to integration, and as intrinsically “un-German.”

This article utilizes an organizational analysis to examine the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the sex trafficking debate, and argues that, much like other organizations, NGOs respond to a host of external and environmental factors that alter their behavior and influence their opportunity for success. In this case, organizational competition between NGOs, the emergence of faith-based organizations (FBOs) as additional competitors and the primacy of US government agencies in providing funding have influenced the forms of organizational strategy implemented by NGOs, driven deeper divisions between feminist NGOs combating trafficking and, ultimately, undermined the ability of NGOs to serve as advocates on the global stage.---