Abstract. Current view technology supports only static views in the sense that views become unde ned and hence obsolete as soon as the underlying information sources ISs undergo capability c hanges. We propose to address this new view evolution problem -which w e call view synchronization -b y a n o vel solution approach that allows a ected view de nitions to be dynamically evolved to keep them in synch with evolving ISs. We present in this paper a general strategy for the view synchronization process that guided by constraints imposed by the view evolution preferences embedded in the view de nition achieves view preservation i.e., view rede nition. We present the formal correctness, the CVS algorithm, as well as numerous examples to demonstrate the main concepts.

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Summary Background Airway management in children with Pierre Robin sequence in the infantile period can be challenging and frequently requires specialized approaches. Aims The aim of this study was to review our experience with a multistage approach to oral and nasal intubation in young infants with Pierre Robin sequence. Methods After IRB approval, we reviewed 13 infants with Pierre Robin sequence who underwent a multistage approach to intubation in the operating room for mandibular distractor or gastrostomy tube placement. All patients underwent awake placement of either an LMA‐Classic™ #1 or ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway size #1. General anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane, and patients were relaxed with rocuronium. The laryngeal mask airway was replaced with an air‐Q® 1.0. Children were then intubated through the air‐Q® 1.0 using a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. In cases that required a nasotracheal tube, the oral tube was left in place while a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope loaded with a similar internal diameter nasal Ring‐Adair‐Elwyn (RAE) tube was introduced into the nares. Once the scope was in proximity to the glottis, the oral tube was removed and the patient was intubated with the nasal RAE over the fiberscope. Results All 13 patients with Pierre Robin sequence were successfully intubated. We observed no periods of desaturation during placement and induction with the LMA‐Classic™ or ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway except in one patient who was in extremis in the neonatal intensive care unit and required emergent transport to the operating room with the laryngeal mask airway in place. We observed several brief periods of desaturation during the apneas associated with fiberoptic intubation. Conclusion In conclusion, we were able to use a ventilation‐driven, multistaged approach using the unique properties of different supraglottic airways to facilitate oral and nasal intubation in 13 infants with Pierre Robin sequence.

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common fatal genetic disease in North America. While CF is more common among Whites, it is increasingly being recognized in other races and ethnicities. Although there is no cure, life expectancy has steadily improved, with the median survival exceeding 46 years in the United States. There are now more adults than children with CF in the United States. CF is caused by mutations in a gene that encodes the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, expressed in many epithelial cells. More than 2100 CFTR mutations have been linked to CF, and newer CFTR modulator drugs are being used to improve the production, intracellular processing, and function of the defective CFTR protein. CF is a multisystem disease that affects primarily the lungs, pancreas, hepatobiliary system, and reproductive organs. Anesthesiologists routinely encounter CF patients for various surgical and medical procedures, depending on the age group. This review article focuses on the changing epidemiology of CF, advances in the classification of CFTR mutations, the latest innovations in CFTR modulator therapies, the impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic, and perioperative considerations that anesthesiologists must know while caring for patients with CF.