Summary
The job insecurity literature has been limited by the dominant linear view on the effects of job insecurity and the misconception that the conceptualizations and operationalizations of job insecurity across studies are homogenous. To challenge these two assumptions, we contrast the integrated perspective based on social exchange theory and job preservation motivation with activation theory and propose competing hypotheses for the curvilinear relationships between job insecurity and employee behavioral outcomes, including task performance, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), creative performance, safety behavior, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). We also examine the moderating roles of different conceptualizations of job insecurity (i.e., cognitive vs. affective job insecurity; quantitative vs. qualitative job insecurity) in the proposed curvilinear relationships. Our meta‐analysis demonstrates that the negative relationships of job insecurity with task performance and OCB‐organization turn positive after inflection points, supporting the integrated perspective of social exchange theory and job preservation motivation but not activation theory. Moreover, the negative relationships of job insecurity with OCB‐individual and creative performance turn nonsignificant as job insecurity further increases. Finally, job insecurity has a linear, negative relationship with safety behavior, but a linear, positive relationship with CWB‐organization. Interestingly, affective job insecurity has lower inflection points than cognitive job insecurity, and qualitative job insecurity has lower inflection points than quantitative job insecurity. This study provides a deep and fine‐grained understanding of the curvilinear relationships between job insecurity and workplace behaviors and pushes the literature forward by focusing on the nuanced differences among various types of job insecurity.
The rampant conflation between having a sexual interest in children and engaging in acts of sexual abuse contributes substantially to high levels of stigma directed toward people living with a sexual interest in children. Stigmatization and societal punitiveness surrounding people living with these interests can impact their well-being, obstruct help-seeking, and potentially increase risk of offending behavior. Previous research employing stigma intervention strategies have shown promising results in reducing stigmatizing attitudes toward this population, particularly regarding presentations of lived-experience narratives. The present study sought to examine the effectiveness of humanizing narrative (lived experience of an individual with sexual interest in children) and informative (fact-based information about pedophilia) antistigma interventions on members of the general public. Using a repeated measures experimental design, participants (N = 694) were randomly assigned one of two intervention videos as part of an anonymous online survey. Attitudes toward people with sexual interest in children (including cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses) were assessed pre-and post-intervention, using scales modified for valence framing effects and researcher-developed items. Both interventions were associated with reductions on all measured aspects of stigma, with the exception of perceptions of controllability, which neither intervention influenced. Although effects between interventions were similar, the informative intervention was associated with greater reductions in perceptions of dangerousness and increased understanding that sexual interest in children is not a choice. Implications for stigma-reduction interventions and future research are discussed.
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