Coastal wetlands are sensitive ecosystems of high productivity because of the ecosystem services that they provide, like water purification, flood reduction, protection of marine coasts. In addition, coastal wetlands are places of great biological diversity. The objective of the present study was to determine the community structure of the benthic macroinvertebrates in relation to the spatial variations in the littoral zone of the Santa Rosa wetland, Lima, Peru. The study was divided into six bimonthly periods from August 2015 to June 2016, we established eight sampling sites: three sites in the main lagoon, two sites in the lagoon arm and two sites in isolated small pools. We carried out the sampling with a hand net of 250μm mesh aperture with 3 replicas for each site. The 8 sites evaluated were environmentally characterized, the physicochemical parameters of the water were recorded for each sampling site and the variations of the water level of the wetland in each sampling campaign were determined through a wooden post with marks in centimeters. We collected a total of 28655 organisms distributed in 76 species. Diptera and Coleoptera were the orders with greatest richness, with 24 and 19 species respectively. The most abundant species were Buenoa sp. (Hemiptera: Notonectidae), Ischnura sp. (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), Chironomus sp. and Goeldichironomus sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae); these four genera represented 62.43% of the total abundance. In the spatial variation, most sites shared the same structure and composition of macroinvertebrates; this was expected because they are connected to the main water body temporarily or permanently, which consequently gives them greater stability and resilience. Only the sites with less depth and extension on the one side and scarce aquatic vegetation and anthropogenic impact on the other side were separated from the general set. Despite the variety of impacts that the wetland suffers, it was observed that the deeper and more vegetated sites are more resilient than the areas exposed to impact and with less water and vegetation. On the other hand, the physicochemical parameters of water at one site (E1) differentiate the community in the absence of impact.

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la composición y estructura de la comunidad de coleópteros acuáticos en diferentes quebradas a lo largo de un amplio gradiente altitudinal (476-4411 m de altitud) en Cusco, Perú. Para ello, se establecieron 12 estaciones de muestreo y se realizaron dos colectas durante los meses de mayo y julio-agosto del 2013 (época seca), en la zona de rápidos y sustrato pedregoso. Fueron colectados 3069 individuos entre larvas y adultos de coleópteros acuáticos, pertenecientes a 23 géneros, agrupados en 10 familias. Elmidae presentó la mayor riqueza (13 géneros) y abundancia (90.4 %), distribuyéndose a lo largo de todo el gradiente. Los géneros más representativos por abundancia fueron: Austrelmis, Neoelmis, Heterelmis y Anchytarsus. Las pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney y Kruskall-Wallis para la riqueza, abundancia y estructura comunitaria, así como, el análisis de agrupamiento (CLUSTER) y el análisis de similitud (ANOSIM) mostraron diferencias significativas en la composición de la comunidad de coleópteros acuáticos a lo largo del gradiente estudiado. El análisis de similitud porcentual (SIMPER) permitió identificar los géneros que más influyeron en la estructura comunitaria, destacando Neoelmis y Heterelmis en estaciones ubicadas a baja y media altitud, y Austrelmis en estaciones de mayor altitud. Se evidenció una correlación positiva de la temperatura con la riqueza, diversidad y equidad, y una correlación negativa de la altitud con estas mismas variables.

95Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera y Coleoptera en una quebrada de primer orden de un bosque montano ResumenEl objetivo de éste estudio fue estudiar la composición y distribución espacial de cuatro órdenes de insectos acuáticos Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera y Coleoptera (EPTC), en una quebrada de primer orden, Chanchamayo, Perú. Se realizaron colectas bimensuales desde marzo del 2013 a enero del 2014 en cuatro microhábitats lóticos: piedra, grava, musgo y hojas retenidas en la corriente. Fueron colectados un total de 7825 individuos agrupados en 51 géneros distribuidos en 27 familias de EPTC. El microhábitat de hoja retenida en los rápidos presentó la mayor abundancia, riqueza y diversidad de EPTC. Los géneros más representativos en términos de abundancia fueron Farrodes (10.35%), Phylloicus (10.01%) y Heterelmis (6.07%). La familia Elmidae fue la más diversa con 11 géneros. Las pruebas no parametricas de Kruskall-Wallis para riqueza, abundancia, diversidad y equidad determinaron diferencias significativas (p< 0.05) entre los micro hábitat estudiados. El análisis de ordenamiento no paramétrico de escalamiento multidimensional nMDS y el análisis de similaridad ANOSIM, evidenciaron diferencias claras entre las muestras de micro hábitats.Palabras claves: Ephemeroptera; Plecoptera; Trichoptera; Coleoptera; Distribución espacial. AbstractThe aim of this paper was to study the composition and spatial distribution of four orders of aquatic insects Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera (EPTC) in a first order stream, Chanchamayo, Peru. Sampling was done bimonthly from March 2013 to January 2014 in four lotic microhabitats: stones, gravel, moss and leaf litter from rifles. There were collected 7825 individuals grouped in 51 genera distributed in 27 families of EPTC, being the first records of aquatic insects in a first order stream of a Montane Forest in the Peruvian Central Andes. The microhabitat litter from rifles presented the highest abundance, richness and diversity. The most representative genera in terms of abundance throughout the basin were Farrodes (10.35%), Phylloicus (10.01%) and Heterelmis (6.07%). The family Elmidae was the most diverse with 11 genera. The non-parametric statistical test of Kruskall-Wallis for the richness, abundance and Shannon-Wiener´s diversity and Pielou´s equitability determined significant differences (p<0.05) between of microhabitats. The similarity analysis (ANOSIM) and clustering using the non-parametric method multidimensional scaling (nMDS) found differences between of microhabitats.

A new species of the monotypic genus Metapelopia is described and illustrated based on all life stages. Adults of the Metapelopia peruensis sp. n. can be easily distinguished from those of M. corbii by the color pattern of the legs and abdomen. Larvae and pupae were collected associated with algae accumulated on rocks.

occupancy of the species in these sites is c. , m . This suggests that it should be categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List on the basis of criterion Bab(i,ii,iii,v). Also, because of its restricted distribution, small population size and the degradation of its habitat, the species should be included in the list of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations in China (Sun et al., , Trends in Plant Science, , -). Our survey and information obtained from interviews with local people indicated that the main threats to this species are its small population size, the high frequency of destruction by grazing, and habitat loss as a result of road construction. Urgent and effective measures need to be taken to protect this species. The Kunming Institute of Botany is now carrying out studies on the phylogeography of M. smithiana and its genetic relationships to other Meconopsis species of the southern Hengduan Mountains, to obtain a better understanding of the microevolution of this species. With the collaboration of the staff of nature reserves, we are planning to collect seeds of M. smithiana for ex situ propagation and potential future restoration of the species in the wild. Using species distribution models we also plan to identify and explore other sites in China where the species could potentially occur.