EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES: AN UPDATEBackground: Childhood caries is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases. Aim: To identify risk factors for early childhood caries, highlighting their early clinical presentation and the inherent complications. Data source: Information was retrieved from fifteen articles published between 2006 and 2017, in English and Portuguese languages, in PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost, complemented by manual search in technical books and guidelines of international societies. Conclusions: Primary care is crucial for effective prevention of ECC. Family physicians are the better placed providers to do it. Updated education on oral health is mandatory.

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Dental neglect is defined as an intentional failure of the caretaker in the pursuit and continuity of necessary treatment to achieve an oral health that allows adequate function, free from pain and infection. We intend to clarify, according to the current scientific literature, the clinical indications for the identification of dental neglect in children. After the search in databases and search engines with the keywords "child", "dental" and "neglect", between 1996 and 2016, the results revealed that identifying this condition requires not only a detailed clinical history and clinical data that clearly show the lack of oral health care but also investigating the social and parental determinants in which the child is involved. Thus, inserting the dentist in teams of analysis in case of suspicion proves to be indispensable for the detection of this and other situations of abuse.

Traumatic occlusion due to anterior crossbite malocclusion, missing posterior teeth and generalized moderate chronic periodontitis were some of the problems presented by this 58-year-old patient. The problems also included high mobility of the maxillary left central incisor, high gingival recession with attachment loss and periodontal deep pockets. The loss of supporting periodontal tissue was more evident on the maxillary left central incisor which was due to the traumatic position of the tooth aggravated by a forced anterior position of the mandible and a non-adjusted crown that promoted bacterial plaque accumulation. The absence of mandibular posterior teeth also worsened the clinical situation. Orthodontic treatment was performed only on the mandibular arch and implant anchorage devices were used to accomplish lingual inclination of the mandibular incisors. The definitive prosthetic treatment allowed reestablishment of appropriate esthetics on the maxillary anterior teeth with posterior stable occlusal contacts and eliminating the occlusal trauma. This condition promoted periodontal health of the left central incisor that remained stable over a 7-year follow-up. This clinical procedure with a long-term follow-up demonstrated that multidisciplinary management including orthodontics, implants and prosthetics can improve a debilitated traumatic occlusion and a severely periodontal compromised tooth.

Objectives: Systematic characterization of the first psychotic episodes patients may be important in identifying subgroups of patients with a similar course of illness, and may ultimately facilitate diagnosis, treatment, and predicting outcome. The aim of this study was to characterize a population of first psychotic patients in different domains such as psychopathology, prodromal symptoms, drug abuse and socio-demographic variables. Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Psychiatry of a large University Hospital (Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal). Patients enrolled were admitted in the inpatient unit from 2007 to 2011, had experienced a first psychotic episode, and fulfilled criteria for one of the following diagnosis: schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, drug induced psychosis, acute and transient psychotic disorders, schizophreniform disorder and psychosis NOS (ICD-10 classification). Data were extracted from clinical records. The analysis focuses on clinical, demographic and social variables. Results: The study is now under statistic evaluation.