The right to work and make decisions about the conditions and tesults of work is, in the Yugoslav constitution, considered one of the basic rights of the citizen, not only because work is a very essence of human beings and their basic need but also because earnings provide a resource for satisfying existential as well as other human needs. Thus, the right to work does not mean just access to a job but also the right to be paid for it as well as entitlement to all rights derived from work, including the right to participate in decision-making. WOMEN IN THE AGRICULTURAL LABOUR FORCECensus data show that the number of women in both the agricultural population and the agricultural labour force is increasing. In 1961, women represented 55.3% of the agricultural population and in 1981,57.2%. In the labour force active in agriculture the number of women increased from 49.1% in 1961 to 54.7% in 1981 (Veselii: 1983:2). While census figures prove that the female contribution to the farm labour force has increased in the last three decades and is most likely still growing, they say nothing about the amount of work farm women perform within the household and on the farm. Survey data show that the working days of farm women are rather long and even longer for those women who, in addition to farm and household work, are regularly employed off the farm. Thus, in winter time the working day for a farm woman on a full-time farm lasts 9.2 hours, for a farm woman on a part-time farm where at least one of the members of the core of the household works only on the farm, 10.1 hours and for a woman on a part-time farm where all members of the core of the household work on the farm and hold regular jobs outside it, 15.2 hours. In the summer the working hours for farm women increase on all types of farms and range from 13.3 hours on full-time farms, 14.0 on part-time farms of the first kind and 16.8 hours on part-time farms of the second kind (Barbii:, Rupena & Veselii: 1985:23).The pronounced differences in the length of the working day of farm women in the three categories show that employment outside the farm is

In this paper the farmer‐worker is discussed from two angles: first, from the work process itself, entailing on the one hand, his contribution to the functioning of the farm and on the other hand, the consequences of his employment on the farm for his productivity on the job; and second, from the angle of his shuttling between his place of residence (the village) and his place of employment (the city). It has been argued that agricultural production from farm households where at least one member works only on the farm while others are employed elsewhere is no lower than the productivity of so called “pure” agricultural households, due to the mechanisation of work and to their market orientation. Members of mixed farm households, employed off the farm, are not only as productive as other workers, but in many cases even outdo them by better discipline, lower turnover and less absenteeism. Daily commuting of workers from villages to cities has also valuable effects on the countryside itself. It slows down the depopulation of the countryside and abandonment of farm land. Even when farmer‐workers lose interest in cultivating the land they can still contribute to the preservation of the countryside and to its further development by their efforts to reach the standards of urbanized areas and preserve the beauties of the countryside. Résumé Cet article analyse l'ouvrier‐paysan de deux points de vue: au niveau du travail, il décrit à la fois sa contribution au fonctionnement de l'exploitation et les conséquences de cette activité agricole sur sa productivité au travail; en second lieu, il examine la question des navcttes entre son lieu de résidence (village) et son lieu de travail (en ville). II a été avancé que la productivité des exploitations oü un seul membre de la famille est occupé dans la ferme, (les autres étant employes ailleurs) n‘était pas plus basse que celle des exploitations “pures”, du fait de la mécanisation du travail et de l'orientation vers le marché. Par ailleurs les ouvriers qui appartiennent à ce genre de ménages mi‐agricoles se révèlent non seulement aussi productifs que les autres, mais se signalent par une meilleure discipline, moins d'absenteisme et de rotation de main d'oeuvre. Quant aux migrations quotidiennes des campagnes vers les villes, elles ont aussi des effets positifs sur la campagnc. Elles attenuent la dépopulation et l'abandon des terres. Même au cas où lses ouvriers‐paysans ne trouvent plus avantage à eultiver la terre, ils ne cessent de contribuer à la préservation et au développement de la campagne par leurs efforts pour atteindre le niveau des zones urbaines et pour conscrver les charmes de la campagne Kurzfassung In diesem Beitrag erfolgt eine Erörterung über den Arbeiter‐Bauern aus einer zweifachen Sicht: erstens, vom Arbeitsprozeβ selbst her, in dem er einerseits scinen Beitrag zum erfolgreichcn Bewirtschaften des Betriebes leistet und wo seine Beschäftigung im Betrieb auf der andercn Seite Konsequenzen für seine Leistungsfahigkeit im Hauptberuf hat; zweitens, im Hinbl...

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