Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by the types 1 and 2 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Clinical outcomes in patients are highly varied and delineated by complex interactions between virus, host, and environment, such as with help of co-receptors, for example, the C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). This work aimed to describe the scientific evidence relating the influence of CCR5 polymorphisms in association studies for HIV-1 disease susceptibility, severity, and transmissibility. This is a systematic review of the literature on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the deletion [Insertion and Deletion (Indel)] Δ32 of CCR5 . The search for articles was based on the ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) databases for the period between 2001 and 2021. The final sample consisted of 32 articles. Correction: This article has been updated on December 22, 2022 after first online publication of November 9, 2022 to clarify two sentences in the Abstract: † This phrase formerly read: “The SNP rs1799987 is the genetic polymorphism most associated with HIV-1 susceptibility and severity criteria,”. ‡ This sentence formerly read: “Furthermore, the results about the Indel Δ32 corroborate the non-association of this variant with the protective role in HIV-1 infection.” SNP rs1799987 is one of the genetic polymorphisms most associated with the criteria of susceptibility and severity of HIV-1, having distinct consequences in genotypic, allelic, and clinical analysis in the variability of investigated populations. As for the transmission character of the disease, the G mutant allele of rs1799987 corresponds to the highest positive association. Correction: This article has been updated on December 22, 2022 after first online publication of November 9, 2022 to clarify two sentences in the Abstract: † This phrase formerly read: “The SNP rs1799987 is the genetic polymorphism most associated with HIV-1 susceptibility and severity criteria,”. ‡ This sentence formerly read: “Furthermore, the results about the Indel Δ32 corroborate the non-association of this variant with the protective role in HIV-1 infection.” Furthermore, the results on Indel Δ32 corroborate the absence and rarity of this variant in some populations. Finally, mitigating the severity of cases, SNPs rs1799988 and rs1800023 obtained significant attribution in individuals in the studied populations. It is shown that the reported polymorphisms express significant influences for the evaluation of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic measures for HIV-1 having fundamental particularities in the molecular, genetic, and transcriptional aspects of CCR5 .

Objectives: This study aimed to verify possible associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors in live births with spinal dysraphism .Methods: An analytical (descriptive and inferential), ecological study was carried out based on secondary data of 11,308 live births with spinal dysraphism registered in the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) in Brazil from 1999 to 2019. Demographic factors analyzed were age, education, mothers' marital status and geographic region. The clinical factors analyzed were duration, gestation period, birthweight and number of prenatal visits performed by women who underwent medical follow-up.Results: There was an increase in the number of cases of spinal dysraphism in recent years in Brazil with an annual percentage variation of 3.52%. However, the period from 2005 to 2009 showed a reduction in live births with spinal dysraphism . The regions with the highest incidence were the South and Southeast. The risk increased in mothers born after 1980, older than 30 years and with a high level of education. The risk was increased in live births of whites and blacks, born from double pregnancy and with body weight less than 3,000 g. The absence of prenatal care was associated with a higher incidence.Conclusion: Sociodemographic and clinical factors have specific characteristics that can predict spinal dysraphism in newborns in Brazil.

Objectives: This study aimed to verify possible associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors in live births with spinal dysraphism .Methods: An analytical (descriptive and inferential), ecological study was carried out based on secondary data of 11,308 live births with spinal dysraphism registered in the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) in Brazil from 1999 to 2019. Demographic factors analyzed were age, education, mothers' marital status and geographic region. The clinical factors analyzed were duration, gestation period, birthweight and number of prenatal visits performed by women who underwent medical follow-up.Results: There was an increase in the number of cases of spinal dysraphism in recent years in Brazil with an annual percentage variation of 3.52%. However, the period from 2005 to 2009 showed a reduction in live births with spinal dysraphism . The regions with the highest incidence were the South and Southeast. The risk increased in mothers born after 1980, older than 30 years and with a high level of education. The risk was increased in live births of whites and blacks, born from double pregnancy and with body weight less than 3,000 g. The absence of prenatal care was associated with a higher incidence.Conclusion: Sociodemographic and clinical factors have speci c characteristics that can predict spinal dysraphism in newborns in Brazil.