Introduction: Head trauma (TBI) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children and young adults. The most frequent causes involve: traffic accidents, falls and aggressions. The objective is to assess the epidemiology of TBI in Brazil according to age, sex and deaths over a 5-year period. Methods: Ecological and descriptive study. The data collection for this study was based on results obtained through the Health Information (TABNET) and the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH / SUS) in the period from 2016 to 2020. Results: There were 515,235 admissions due to TBI, with a higher prevalence in the Southeast, with 211,972 cases (41.14%), followed by the Northeast, with 136,705 (26.53%). There was a predominance of males, with 391,991 (76.08%). The age group most affected was between 20 and 29 years and 30 to 39 years, with 83,581 (16.22%) and 75,312 (14.61%), respectively. From 2016 to 2020 there was a decrease of 7.33% in the number of cases, 2016 being the most prevalent year, with 106,497, and 2020 the least incident year, with 98,690 hospitalizations. Of the 515,235 cases, 9.59% died, with its peak in 2016, with 10,364 deaths. Conclusion: The profile was given by a male figure between 20 and 29 years old, from the Southeast region. Taking into account the progressive decline in incidence, it can be deduced that orientations are being made. However, the numbers are still high, requiring measures to raise awareness about risks and prevention, since, most cases can be preventable.