ABSTRACT. Pycnoporus sanguineus is a white-rot basidiomycete that produces laccase as the only oxidoreductase; enzyme synthesis depends on cultivation variables, and fungal species and strain. Laccases have wide substrate specificity, oxidize a broad range of compounds, and show potential for use in dye decolorization. We evaluated laccase production in a recently isolated strain of P. sanguineus cultivated with sugarcane molasses as the only carbon source, and urea or yeast urea) increased enzymatic activity. The addition of up to 300 µM of Cu did not affect laccase production, whereas cultivation with agitation increased the activity peak by 17%. The highest laccase activity was ~50,000 U/L on the ninth day of cultivation. After 24 h, decolorization was 80% for Remazol Brilliant Blue R, 9% for Reactive Yellow 145, 6% for Reactive Red 195, and 2% for Reactive Black 5. The enzymatic extract of P. sanguineus provides a potential alternative to wastewater treatment. A better understanding of the behavior of this fungus under various culture conditions would allow improvement of the enzyme production bioprocess.

ABSTRACT. Laccases are polyphenol oxidases produced by many fungi and have many applications in textile, food and beverage, and pulp and paper industries. Laccase production can be induced using aromatic or phenolic compounds that mostly affect the transcription of laccase-encoding genes. In this study, we analyzed laccase and biomass production by Agaricus blazei in the presence of different concentrations of nitrogen, copper, and inducers such as pyrogallol, veratryl alcohol, xylidine, vanillin, guaiacol, and ethanol. Laccase production by A. blazei U2-4 reached 43.8 U/mL in the presence of 2.8 g/L nitrogen and 150 µM copper. However, addition of copper to the cultivation medium decreased biomass production. Different compounds differentially induced laccase production by A. blazei. Moreover, different concentrations of these inducers exerted different effects on laccase activity. Ethanol (1.0 mM), guaiacol (0.5 mM), and vanillin (0.5 mM) were the best inducers and increased laccase activity by 120% (A. blazei U2-2), 30% (A. blazei U2-3), and 9% (A. blazei U2-4), 15883Induction of laccase production by Agaricus blazei ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (4): 15882-15891 (2015) respectively. In contrast, pyrogallol and xylidine decreased laccase activity but increased biomass production.

Lentinus crinitus is a white-rot fungus that produces laccase, an enzyme used for dye decolorization. Enzyme production depends on cultivation conditions, mainly agro-industrial by-products. We aimed to produce laccase from Lentinus crinitus with agro-industrial by-products for dye decolorization. Culture medium had coffee husk (CH) or citric pulp pellet (CP) and different nitrogen sources (urea, yeast extract, ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate) at concentrations of 0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.8, 5.6 and 11.2 g/L. Enzymatic extract was used in the decolorization of remazol brilliant blue R. CH medium promoted greater laccase production than CP in all evaluated conditions. Urea provided the greatest laccase production for CH (37280 U/L) as well as for CP (34107 U/L). In CH medium, laccase activity was suppressed when carbon-to-nitrogen ratio changed from 4.5 to 1.56, but the other nitrogen concentrations did not affect laccase activity. For CP medium, reduction in carbon-to-nitrogen ratio from 6 to 1.76 increased laccase activity in 17%. The peak of laccase activity in CH medium occurred on the 11th day (41246 U/L) and in CP medium on the 12th day (32660 U/L). The maximum decolorization within 24 h was observed with CP enzymatic extract (74%) and with CH extract (76%).

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Abstract. This paper draws on the development of an educational software for mobile devices to aid and consolidate learning regarding the updates on the use of hyphen in Brazilian Portuguese language. We briefly discuss Gamification and the New Language Agreement (NAO), since it came into effect in January 2016, even though it was designed in 1990 aiming at standardizing spelling among all the Portuguese speaking countries. Results corroborates our previous research that draws on the fact that educational softwares promote reflection upon what is being learned in a playful, didactic and motivational way.Resumo. Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever o desenvolvimento e a aplicação do jogo educacional para dispositivo móvel visando auxiliar a aprendizagem e a consolidação da nova ortografia da Língua Portuguesa tendo como foco o uso do hífen. Discutimos brevemente a Gamificação e Novo Acordo Ortográfico (NAO), desde que entrou em vigor em janeiro de 2016, embora tenha sido projetado em 1990 com o objetivo de padronizar a ortografia entre todos os países de língua portuguesa. Os resultados corroboram com anterior que se baseia no fato de que os softwares educacionais promovem a reflexão sobre o que está sendo aprendido de forma lúdica, didática e motivacional.. IntroduçãoSabemos que a língua portuguesaé tida, de maneira mitológica, ou talvez com propriedade, por aqueles que proferem tal afirmação, como uma das línguas mais complexas quando se fala em regras, exceções e dicas para a sua aprendizagem. Concordar ou discordar seria uma falácia contra a nossa tão cara língua-mãe.Não obstante,é impossível negar o acúmulo de regras e exceçõesàs regras que ora facilitam a nossa comunicação, ora nos deixam "encucados"e nos enviam para momentos infinitos em mecanismos de busca na grande rede mundial pela resposta mais adequada. Já não bastasse tal situação, tivemos recentemente uma atualização da Língua Portuguesa (LP) apresentando para os falantes o Novo Acordo Ortográfico (NAO).Veremos mais adiante o que vem a ser o NAO. Por enquanto,é suficiente apontar que ele nos apresentou atualizações que também provocam "encucações"e que profissionais, acadêmicos e estudiosos das Letras devem estar prontos para otimizar. Uma dessas "encucações"jaz na