Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged and rapidly spread worldwide. Several countries have imposed lockdown and isolation, in attempt to mitigate viral spread. However, social isolation has negative impact on psychological aspects, increasing stress, fear, anxiety, anger and emotional disturbance, as well as affecting sleep pattern and physical activity practice. Negative emotions and lifestyle changes trigger overeating, consequently affecting dietary practices. The present study aimed to verify the prevalence of lifestyle factors (i.e., sleep time/quality and physical exercise practice), eating behaviors dimensions, chronotype, and association with dietary practices (planning; domestic organization; food choice; ways of eating) in home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo, Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 27 and May 25, 2020. An anonymous online questionnaire (Microsoft Forms®) was used for data collection by the snowball method. We verified dietary practices (outcome), eating behavior, physical exercise practice, sleep quality and duration, chronotype (exposure variables). Sex, age, educational and social status were assessed as covariates and confounders. Seven hundred twenty-four (585 women and 139 men) were evaluated. Mean ± SD of age was 32.6 ± 11.3 (women) and 33.5 ± 10.5 (men) years old. Emotional eating (EE) and Binge eating (BE) were positively correlated (r = 0.66; p <0.001) and dietary practices were negatively correlated with BE (r = -0.41; p <0.001), EE (r = -0.33; p <0.001) and BMI (r = -0.24; p <0.001). Linear regression demonstrated that EE ( ß = - 0.1351, t = -2.841; p = 0.005; η p 2 = 0.013), BE ( ß = - 0.2580, t = - 5.612; p < 0.001; η p 2 = 0.050), not doing physical exercise at home ( ß = -0.4271, t = - 5.933 p < 0.001; η p 2 = 0.055), be vespertine ( ß = -0.3435, t = 2.076 p = 0.038; η p 2 = 0.019) and age ( ß = -0.082, t = -2.210; p = 0.027; η p 2 = 0.008) are negative predictors of dietary practices. Finally, cognitive restraint ( ß = 0.1407, t = 3.858; p < 0.001; η p 2 = 0.024), better sleep quality ( ß = 0.1768, t = 2.506; p = 0.012; η p 2 = 0.010), receive 4-10 salaries ( ß = 0.2568, t = 2.573 p = 0.10; η p 2 = 0.027) and 10 – 20 salaries ( ß = 0.4490, t = 3.726 p < 0.001; η p 2 = 0.027) are positive pr...

Factors linked to modern lifestyles, such as physical inactivity, Western diet, and poor sleep quality have been identified as key contributors to the positive energy balance (PEB). PEB rises adipose tissue hypertrophy and dysfunction over the years, affecting cells and tissues that are metabolically critical for energy homeostasis regulation, especially skeletal muscle, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and gut microbiota. It is known that the interaction among lifestyle factors and tissue metabolic dysfunction increases low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, leading to insulin resistance and other adverse metabolic disorders. Although immunometabolic mechanisms are widely discussed in obesity, neuroimmunoendocrine pathways have gained notoriety, as a link to neuroinflammation and central nervous system disorders. Hypothalamic inflammation has been associated with food intake dysregulation, which comprises homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms, promoting eating behavior changes related to the obesity prevalence. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated and integrated perspective on the effects of Western diet, sleep debt, and physical exercise on the regulation of energy homeostasis and low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. Subsequently, we discuss the intersection between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation and how it can contribute to energy imbalance, favoring obesity. Finally, we propose a model of interactions between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, providing new insights into preventive and therapeutic targets for obesity.

The work with medicinal plants is above all a way of seeking natural and economic alternatives that can benefit the population as a whole. This work aimed to know teas and medicinal leaves sold in pharmacies in Porto Seguro. For this purpose, the quality of the samples was evaluated by analyzing the flavor, aroma, appearance and labels of the teas and leaves, checking the presence or absence of any quality control of these products. The pharmacognostic analyzes of the samples allowed to verify that of the 25 samples evaluated, 12% of them had labels. Only 12% contained information on the labels such as expiration date and no information on proper conservation, forms of use, recommendations, or both. Only 8% of herbal medicines had a scientific name, weight specification and company logo with CNPJ data, state registration. Information on SAC number, acronym and number at the Ministry of Health, package insert and technical responsible were not included in the product packaging. It was found that 100% of the surveyed products are not registered with the Ministry of Health and are therefore considered illegal before ANVISA. All samples observed were adequate for the color that characterizes the species. As for turbidity, most samples (81%) did not show any indication of this parameter. As for the conservation aspect, natural products were within the standards. As for the flavor of herbal medicines, all samples evaluated presented the characteristic taste of the species. Regarding the sweetness parameter, most of the species evaluated (77%) presented a weak sweet taste and 23% strongly sweet. 80.77% of the samples analyzed showed no acidity. Of the 25 samples analyzed, 69% of these had a pleasant, strong aromatic odor, 15% did not have a strong aromatic odor and 16% odorless. When preparing teas, it was observed that 23.1% of the samples had a sweet aroma, 50% did not exhibit this type of odor and 5% exhibited an artificial plant odor. It is concluded that after carrying out the analysis of taste, aroma, appearance and labels of the samples, in comparison to the pharmacopoeic parameters, it was found that the species already registered had corresponding characteristics and are in accordance with the results of the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis, in relation to the parameters considered in the research.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the prevalence of the use of supplements among CFPs. Moreover, we sought to elucidate which factors may be associated with dietary restraint, a dimension of eating behavior that seems to be crucial for food intake, energy availability, fatigue, and performance. Methods CFPs aged 18-64 years (n = 112; 57 male; 55 female) were included in this cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study. They answered an online questionnaire containing questions to assess prevalence, type, and reasons for supplements use, besides information about sociodemographic variables and prevalence of the main chronic morbidities. To analyze aspects of eating behavior, the “Three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ) - R21" was used. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI) was used to assess sleep time and quality. Results: Eighty-seven CFPs (50 male; 37 female) reported currently use of dietary supplements. Whey protein was the most used supplement (n = 70), followed by creatine (n = 54). Eating behavior dimensions of emotional eating, binge eating, and cognitive restraint displayed no differences between genders and CFPs of levels. Conclusion: CFPs seem to be using some supplements with purposes which conflict with those supported by scientific evidence. Regarding eating behavior dimensions, physical exercise may be able to suppress emotional eating, possibly justifying the lack of difference in our results. The use of supplement is prevalent among CF practitioners, but it seems they need nutrition education.