Highlights d A distinct neuron type with thin spikes and high burst propensity in monkey V1 d These neurons are present in both Old World and New World monkeys, but not in mice d They show relatively strong gamma (30-80 Hz) rhythmicity and stimulus selectivity d Firing suppression contributes to their orientation tuning and gamma rhythmicity

A mechanism for inter-areal coherence through communication based on connectivity and oscillatory power Highlights d Synaptic projections from a sending to a receiving area explain long-range coherence d Inter-areal coherence can be predicted by power and connectivity d Power explains major changes in long-range coherence across behavioral states d Coherence emerges without spiking entrainment due to afferent synaptic inputs

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Abstract-Brain glucose metabolism is altered in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD), whose pathologies are reproduced in rodents by intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of streptozotocin (STZ) in subdiabetogenic doses. The icv-STZ model also culminates in central cholinergic dysfunctions, which in turn are known to underlie both the sAD cognitive decline, and synaptic plasticity impairments. Considering the cognitive-enhancing potential of chronic nicotine (Nic), we investigated whether it attenuates icv-STZ-induced impairments in recognition memory and synaptic plasticity in a cognition-relevant substrate: the hippocampal CA1-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pathway. Rats treated with icv-STZ were submitted to a chronic Nic regime, and were evaluated for recognition memory. We then examined long-term potentiation (LTP), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) under urethane anesthesia, and brains were also evaluated for hippocampus-mPFC cell density. We found that Nic treatment prevents icv-STZ-induced disruptions in recognition memory and LTP. STZ did not precipitate neuronal death, while Nic alone was associated with higher neuronal density in CA1 when compared to vehicle-injected animals. Through combining behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuropathological observations into the Nic-STZ interplay, our study reinforces that cholinergic treatments are of clinical importance against earlystage Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairments.