Local anaesthetics are frequently used in several medical areas like surgical interventions, stomatology or preparing the patient for imagistic techniques like endoscopies. In most cases, the local anaesthetics are administrated in inflammatory processes and several studies demonstrated that these drugs may influence the response of local immune system cells. The adverse effects reported are correlated with the route of administration and the interaction with cellular components at the site of administration. Some lidocaine analogues with aminoacetanilide N'-substituted structure were previously synthesized, characterized and pharmacologically tested in preclinical studies regarding the local anaesthetic effects and were selected for the present research. The study aims to determine the effects of the synthetized aminoacetanilide N'-substituted on the release of oxygen metabolites by polymorfonuclear cells and on the cellular viability of human leukocytes isolated from the peripheral blood. Rezumat Anestezicele locale sunt utilizate frecvent în multe domenii medicale, cum ar fi intervențiile chirurgicale, stomatologia sau pregătirea pacientului pentru tehnici imagistice, de exemplu endoscopiile. În majoritatea cazurilor, anestezicele locale sunt administrate în procese inflamatorii și mai multe studii au demonstrat că aceste medicamente pot influența răspunsul celulelor sistemului imunitar local. Efectele adverse raportate sunt corelate cu calea de administrare și interacțiunea cu componentele celulare la locul de administrare. Anumiți analogi de lidocaină cu structura aminoacetanilidă N'-substituită au fost anterior sintetizați, caracterizați și testați farmacologic în studii preclinice, privind efectele anestezice locale și au fost selectați pentru prezenta cercetare. Studiul își propune să determine efectele aminoacetanilidei N'-substituite asupra eliberarării metaboliților oxigenului de către celulele polimorfonucleare și asupra viabilității celulare a leucocitelor umane izolate din sângele periferic.

(1) Background: The mussel (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis) is the most widespread lamellibranch mollusk, being fished on all coasts of the European seas. Mussels are also widely grown in Japan, China, and Spain, especially for food purposes. This paper shows an original technique for mussel shell processing for preparation of calcium salts, such as calcium levulinate. This process involves synthesis of calcium levulinate by treatment of Mytilus galloprovincialis shells with levulinic acid. The advantage of mussel shell utilization results in more straightforward qualitative composition. Thus, the weight of the mineral component lies with calcium carbonate, which can be used for extraction of pharmaceutical preparations. (2) Methods: Shell powder was first deproteinized by calcination, then the mineral part was treated with levulinic acid. The problem of shells generally resulting from the industrialization of marine molluscs creates enough shortcomings, if one only mentions storage and handling. One of the solutions proposed by us is the capitalization of calcium from shells in the pharmaceutical industry. (3) Results: The toxicity of calcium levulinate synthesized from the mussel shells was evaluated by the method known in the scientific literature as the Constantinescu phytobiological method (using wheat kernels, Triticum vulgare Mill). Acute toxicity of calcium levulinate was evaluated; the experiments showed the low toxicity of calcium levulinate. (4) Conclusion: The experimental results highlighted calcium as the predominant element in the composition of mussel shells, which strengthens the argument of capitalizing the shells as an important natural source of calcium.

Cereals whole grains contain vitamins, phytochemicals, antioxidants, resistant starch, and minerals with potential benefits to human health. The consumption of whole grains is correlated with a lowered risk of the most important chronic diseases, including type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some cancers. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the content of five cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and five cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) obtained by conventional plant breeding using crossing and selection methods. The novelty and the purpose of this research was to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze these ten cultivars from Romania and to show the importance of, and the changes produced by, crossing and selection methods when these are aimed at the physiological or morphological development of the cultivars. Studies based on gluten dosing; spectrophotometry using Bradford, fructan and protein dosing; Kjeldahl protein dosing; GC-MS/MS-protein and amino acid dosing; and identification of protein fractions using polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic method were conducted. This study demonstrates the possibility of developing future cultivars using conventional methods of improvement to modify the content and composition of nutrients to increase their health benefits.

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