Pheochromocytomas (PHEO) and paragangliomas (PGL) are rare tumors originated in cells derived from the neural crest. The first ones are located in the adrenal medulla, and the second ones in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These kind of tumors may secrete excess catecholamines, including epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and/or their metabolite metanephrine, normetanephrine and 3-methoxytyramine, respectively. Its clinical manifestations depend on the location, the secretory profile and the malignant potential of the tumor. These tumors are frequently benign in their presentation. Some arise in the context of familiar syndromes, accounting for up to one-third of the total of diagnosis. The metastatic form is the most common presentation of the tumors with familiar origin and due to their rarity, their diagnosis and management is often difficult. Over the years, our knowledge and perception of PHEO and PGL has greatly expanded and changed. This review article aims to focus on the genetic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic approaches, to give the clinician knowledge of the most recent updates regarding these themes.

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is an uncommon auto-inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, with a classical triad of fever, arthritis, and evanescent rash. Its low prevalence and lack of specific guidelines contribute to frequent delays in diagnosis and treatment. Clinical manifestations vary greatly between mainly systemic or articular symptoms and the clinical pattern between monocyclic, polycyclic, or chronic illness. Treatment options include nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), systemic corticoids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and, more recently, biological agents directed at identified immune pathological pathways like anti-interleukin-1 (IL-1) or anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha). We report a case of a 40-year-old male with persistent fever, polyarthralgia, sore throat, and rash for two weeks despite antibiotic treatment for suspected bacterial pharyngitis. During hospitalization and after extensive diagnostic workup, an AOSD diagnosis was made according to Yamaguchi's criteria and successfully managed with systemic corticoids.

Simulation is emerging as a mandatory component of surgical training. The egg is an excellent cost-effective model for drilling and dissection training and helps in improving surgical skills, enables learning of fine motor skills, and allows repeated practice. Although this method of training does help one control a drill and manual instrumentation, it does not help with temporal bone anatomy knowledge.

No abstract