Objective
To evaluate factors associated with the risk of COVID-19 pneumonia in children (<10 years old) and adolescents (10 - 19 years old) before (March 2020 - April 2021) and during (May - July 2021) the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant emergence.
Study design
A retrospective and nationwide cohort study was conducted in Mexico.
Method
Data from 26,961 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were analyzed. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (IC) were used to evaluate the association of the evaluated exposures with the risk of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Results
The overall incidence rate of pneumonia was 23.0 per 10,000 person-days, and it was lower during the Delta variant emergence (30.3 vs. 9.4 person-days,
< 0.001). In multiple analysis, a decreased risk of pneumonia was observed among those cases occurring in May 2021 or later (vs. March 2020 – April 2021, RR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99) and among older patients (RR
per year
= 0.998, 95% CI 0.996-0.998). Other comorbidities (namely obesity, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, or malignant tumors) were associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 manifestations.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that during the Delta variant emergence, children and adolescent patients were at reduced risk of COVID-19 pneumonia in Mexico. Further research is needed to identify factors determining the observed scenario.
Vitamin D and its correlation with blood lipids and intima-media thickness in term infantsVitamina D y su correlación con los lípidos en sangre y el grosor de la íntima-media en lactantes
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