Bisphosphonates are considered first-line agents in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis based on extensive experience of use, safety, and proven efficacy in reducing vertebral, non-vertebral and femur fractures. However, post-marketing reports based on the treatment of millions of patients/year over lengthy periods of time have revealed the occurrence of initially unexpected adverse effects, such as osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fracture, leading to the restriction of treatment duration with bisphosphonates by global regulatory agencies. However, despite the association between these effects and bisphosphonates, this risk should be analyzed in the context of osteoporosis treatment, alongside the benefit of preventing osteoporotic fractures and their clinical consequences. Therefore, we consider it plausible to discuss the restriction to the use of bisphosphonates, possible indications for prolonged treatment and alternative therapies following the suspension of this drug class for patients with persistent high risk of fracture after initial treatment, especially considering the problems of public health funding in Brazil and the shortage of drugs provided by the government. Thus, to standardize the treatment of osteoporosis in the public health care system, we aim to develop a proposal for a scientifically-based pharmacological treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, establishing criteria for indication and allowing the rational use of each pharmacological agent. We discuss the duration of the initial bisphosphonate treatment, the therapeutic options for refractory patients and potential indications of other classes of drugs as first-choice treatment in the sphere of public health, in which assessing risk and cost effectiveness is a priority.
A hiperglicemia é uma complicação frequente, cuja prevalência ocorre em até 38% dos pacientes internados. Tal condição pode ser decorrente do diabetes previamente conhecido, de estresse responsivo a doenças ou tratamentos associados ou devido ao diabetes somente diagnosticado durante a internação. A presença de hiperglicemia nosocomial associa-se ao prolongamento do tempo de internação, ao aumento da demanda de recursos humanos e custos hospitalares e na piora do desfecho clínico. Diante das dificuldades de manejo da hiperglicemia de pacientes internados, as unidades hospitalares, seguindo as recomendações das sociedades e diretrizes internacionais e nacionais que trata da hiperglicemia do paciente internado, têm desenvolvido protocolos de controle glicêmico hospitalar e criado comissões interdisciplinares para tal fim. O Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC-UFC), baseado nas principais diretrizes internacionais e nacionais de tratamento ao diabetes, apresenta o seu protocolo de controle da hiperglicemia numa abordagem multi e interdisciplinar de cuidados ao paciente internado.
IntroductionHypoparathyroidism (HP) is a rare endocrine disease and there are little data available on the risk of fragility fractures in these patients. PTH deficiency results in a positive bone balance with higher bone mass in all skeletal sites. However, whether these structural and dynamic skeletal changes have a negative impact on the fracture risk, it is not known.MethodsAiming to investigate the risk of insufficiency vertebral fractures in HP, defined using morphometric criteria, a consecutive sampling of 44 women with chronic postsurgical HP was compared to a control group of 44 adult healthy women, matched by age with patients. Vertebral fractures were analyzed by the semiquantitative Genant’s method followed by quantitative vertebral morphometry.ResultsMorphometric vertebral fractures were identified in 5/44 (11.4%) patients and in 3/44 (6.8%) controls (p=0.731). Most fractures were classified as Genant II and III grades in HP patients, whereas most were Genant I in controls. A logistic regression multivariate analysis was conducted in which age, BMI and parathyroid status were the independent variables, and morphometric vertebral fracture was the dependent variable, but none of these factors was a significant predictor of fracture in this population (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96-1.07, p=0.634 for age; OR 2.24, 95%CI 0.47-10.50, p=0.306 for the presence/absence of HP and OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.76-1.10, p=0.369 for BMI).ConclusionThe results of this study cannot ensure a higher risk of fragility vertebral fractures in postsurgical HP patients. Instead, we only observed higher Genant grade classification of the deformed vertebrae in our sample.
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