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Objective: To analyze the profile of children and adolescents' hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases in São Paulo (SP), Brazil.Methods: This is an ecological time series study. Data was obtained on hospital admissions for respiratory diseases (International Classification of Diseases, 10 th Revision: J00-J99) in hospitals under the Brazilian Unified Health System located in São Paulo between 2000 and 2004. Main characteristics of the temporal distribution of respiratory morbidity in childhood and adolescence by age and cause are described.Results: Pneumonia and bronchopneumonia (51%), asthma (18%) and acute and chronical diseases from upper airways (10%) accounted for most of the admissions. Children up to five years are most frequently hospitalized, regardless of the specific cause. Among adolescents, the main causes of hospitalization were respiratory diseases that affects mainly the interstitial lung (0.1%) and the necrotic and suppurative diseases of lower airways (0.2%). From the age of six to ten years, admissions for acute and chronic diseases from upper airways (10%) were predominant. The peak of morbidity occurs in early autumn. There was a trend towards increasing hospital admissions for respiratory illnesses during the analyzed period. Conclusions:The distribution of hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in children and adolescents is dependent on age and season. The younger the age the greater the number of hospital admissions.Key-words: respiratory tract diseases; hospitalization; child; adolescent. RESUMO Objetivo:Analisar o perfil das internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias em crianças e adolescentes na cidade de São Paulo (SP).Métodos: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais. Foram obtidas informações sobre internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias (Código Internacional de Doenças, 10 a Revisão: J00-J99) em hospitais conveniados ao Sistema Único de Saúde, localizados na cidade de São Paulo, entre 2000 e 2004. Foram descritas as principais características de distribuição temporal, por faixa etária e por causa de morbidade respiratória na infância e na adolescência.Resultados: As pneumonias e broncopneumonias (51%), a asma (18%) e as doenças agudas e crônicas das vias aéreas superiores (10%) responderam pela maior parte das internações. As crianças até cinco anos são as mais internadas, independentemente da causa específica. Entre os adolescentes, observou-se que as Renata Martins de T. Natali et alprincipais causas de internações foram as doenças respiratórias que afetam o interstício pulmonar (0,1%) e as afecções necróticas e supurativas das vias aéreas inferiores (0,2%). Na faixa etária de seis a dez anos, predominam as internações por doenças agudas e crônicas das vias aéreas superiores (10%). Houve tendência de aumento das internações por doenças respiratórias ao longo do período analisado, além da constatação de que o pico de morbidade se dá no começo do outono.Conclusões: As internações por doenças respiratórias de crianças e adolescentes apresentam...

Objective: Pneumonia is considered a focus of infection in patients presenting with community-acquired bacterial meningitis but the impact on disease course is unclear. The aim was to study presenting characteristics, clinical course and outcome of meningitis patients with co-existing pneumonia on admission. Methods: We evaluated adult patients with community-acquired bacterial meningitis with pneumonia on admission in a nationwide, prospective cohort performed from March 2006 to June 2017. We performed logistic regression analysis to identify clinical characteristics predictive of pneumonia on admission, and to quantify the effect of pneumonia on outcome. Results: Pneumonia was diagnosed on admission in 315 of 1852 (17%) bacterial meningitis episodes and confirmed by chest X-ray in 256 of 308 (83%) episodes. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the causative organism in 256 of 315 episodes (81%). Pneumonia on admission was associated with advanced age (OR 1.03 per year increase, 95% CI 1.02e1.04, p < 0.001), alcoholism (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.23e3.14, p 0.004), cancer (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.12e2.13, p 0.008), absence of otitis or sinusitis (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.32e0.59, p < 0.001) and S. pneumoniae (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.55e2.95, p < 0.001) in the multivariate analysis. An unfavourable outcome defined as a score of 1e4 on the Glasgow Outcome Scale was observed in 172 (55%) episodes and 87 patients (28%) died. Pneumonia on admission was independently associated with unfavourable outcome and mortality in the multivariate analysis (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.12e1.96; p 0.005). Conclusion: Pneumonia on admission in bacterial meningitis is a frequent coexisting infection and is independently associated with unfavourable outcome and mortality.