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<p>This study characterizes, from a productive and socioeconomic point of view, the cattle farms in Cantabrian Cornice and Spain, besides analyzing recent evolution of the main adjustment indicators between 2007 and 2016. In doing so, we have analyzed the main agricultural magnitudes, relative to the number of farms, land, livestock, labor and economic value of production. The results obtained show a territorial concentration, specialization and productive concentration of the cattle, together with an advance of the structural adjustment process.</p>

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Humans have traditionally sought provisioning services from rural areas, but society is becoming increasingly aware of other services that rural areas provide to human beings, agroecosystem services. At the same time, however, certain dysservices can be identified. The analysis of agroecosystem services and dysservices is a key point to consider in decision-making processes and provides a tool for acting on sustainability. Notwithstanding, few approaches to the dairy sector exist with this focus, and they often do not incorporate the vision of the actors from the entire value chain. The aim of the present paper is to identify agroecosystem services and dysservices deriving from the dairy farming in Galicia (Spain), as perceived by actors linked to this sector. The methodology followed a bottom-up approach (Focus Group) and identified 19 agroecosystem services (S) and 9 dysservices (D) grouped into four main categories: provisioning (6S/0D), environmental quality (5S/5D), rural vitality (6S/2D), and cultural heritage and quality of life (2S/1D). The results show strong awareness of services and dysservices, in particular as regards rural vitality (mainly related to employment and income generation) and environmental services (dyservices linked to intensive systems). We have, however, detected a significant gap in awareness of certain classical environmental services (carbon sequestration of pastures). Finally, one of the innovative findings is the identification of rural vitality services and dysservices, including the social role that farming plays in consolidating the population in rural areas, and in preserving local traditions and culture.

PRODER is a Spanish rural development programme based on the European Union's LEADER programme approach and financed by EU funds. In this paper, the authors analyse the level of involvement of the social participants and assess how such programmes can contribute to the development of new local dynamics and capabilities. The results highlight the difficulties in gaining effective involvement from people. Even in areas where significant social networks exist, the lack of a culture of participation among social and governmental organizations has hindered programme development and success. Recommendations to improve the LEADER approach are provided.