O comportamento eletroquímico da quercetina em meio hidro-alcoólico foi estudado na faixa de pH 2,2-9,2 aplicando-se as técnicas voltametria cíclica, eletrólise com potencial controlado e espectroscopia UV-Vis. Voltamogramas cíclicos para a quercetina mostraram três picos de oxidação e um pico de redução dependente das condições experimentais. Um processo de oxidação envolvendo dois prótons e dois elétrons no primeiro pico conduziu à formação da orto-quinona correspondente, a qual é uma espécie eletroquimicamente ativa e instável, como evidenciado pela dependência do perfil dos voltamogramas cíclicos com a velocidade de variação de potencial, em concordância com um mecanismo do tipo eletroquímico-químico (EC). Eletrólises com potencial controlado geraram três produtos caracterizados por espectroscopia UV-Vis. Um esquema reacional envolvendo as etapas eletroquímica e química foi proposto para a eletro-oxidação da quercetina em solução hidro-alcoólica, com base em dados obtidos da literatura e em evidências experimentais.The electrochemistry of quercetin hydro-alcoholic solutions of pH 2.2 to 9.2 was studied by cyclic voltammetry, controlled-potential electrolysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammograms for quercetin showed three oxidation peaks and one reduction peak depending on the experimental conditions. The two-electron two-proton oxidation process at the first peak led to the formation of the corresponding ortho-quinone, which is an electrochemically active and unstable species, as evidenced by the dependence of the cyclic voltammogram profile on the applied scan rate, in agreement with the EC mechanism. Controlled-potential electrolysis yielded three products as characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. A reaction scheme comprising electrochemical and chemical steps was proposed for the electro-oxidation of the quercetin in hydro-alcoholic solutions on basis of experimental evidences obtained in this work and elsewhere.
We report the electrochemical oxidation of rutin in acetonitrile-sodium phosphate (4:1 (v/v); pH 2.0) in the presence of p-toluenesulfinic acid. Cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis were used to study rutin electro-oxidation and to prepare the sulfone derivatives. Chromatographic methods were employed to separate the products and IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, MS and microanalysis to their characterization. Data from cyclic voltammetry allow the identification of three rutin oxidation processes in the presence of p-toluenesulfinic acid (E p I = 0.56 V, E p II = 0.81 V and E p III = 1.32 V). Only the electrode process around peak I was exhaustively studied. The first oxidation step leads to the formation of the corresponding o-quinone, which participates in a Michael addition reaction with the p-toluenesulfinic acid, forming the 6¢(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)rutin and 6¢(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)quercetin as majority products.
O comportamento eletroquímico da vitamina E em meio hidro-alcoólico foi estudado na faixa de pH 3,1-12,1 aplicando-se as técnicas voltametria cíclica, eletrólise com potencial controlado e espectroscopias UV-Vis, IR e 13 C RMN. Observou-se que a presença de água tem conseqüências importantes na estabilidade química das espécies geradas eletroquimicamente. Em meio hidro-alcoólico e sobre eletrodos de carbono vítreo, a vitamina E apresenta três picos de oxidação, enquanto que apenas um pico é observado em outros solventes. Embora a reação eletroquímica no primeiro pico seja a mesma na presença e na ausência de água, a qual compreende a transferência de dois elétrons em uma etapa, duas reações eletroquímicas e três químicas subseqüentes ao primeiro pico foram pela primeira vez estabelecidas com base em evidências eletroquímicas em meio hidro-alcoólico. Estes resultados são considerados muito importantes levando-se em consideração o papel mediador na transferência de elétrons entre a fase aquosa e lipídica que a vitamina E exerce no organismo.The electrochemistry of vitamin E hydro-alcoholic solutions of pH 3.1 to 12.1 was studied by cyclic voltammetry, controlled potential electrolysis, thin layer chromatography and UV-Vis, IR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The presence of water was found to have important implications on the chemical stability of electrogenerated species. Vitamin E exhibits three oxidation peaks in hydroalcoholic solutions at glassy carbon electrodes in contrast to just a single peak in other solvents. Although the electrochemical reaction at the first peak was found to be the same in presence and in absence of water, which is a one-step two-electron transfer process, two heterogeneous electrochemical reactions and three homogeneous chemical reactions following this peak were established based on electrochemical evidences for the first time in alcohol aqueous conditions. This insight is considered to be very important provided the mediator character of vitamin E in the electron transfer between aqueous and lipid phase in the organism.
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