Previous research found that the within-country variability of human values (e.g., equality and helpfulness) clearly outweighs between-country variability. Across three countries (Brazil, India, and the United Kingdom), the present research tested in student samples whether between-nation differences reside more in the behaviors used to concretely instantiate (i.e., exemplify or understand) values than in their importance as abstract ideals. In Study 1 (N = 630), we found several meaningful between-country differences in the behaviors that were used to concretely instantiate values, alongside high within-country variability. In Study 2 (N = 677), we found that participants were able to match instantiations back to the values from which they were derived, even if the behavior instantiations were spontaneously produced only by participants from another country or were created by us. Together, these results support the hypothesis that people in different nations can differ in the behaviors that are seen as typical as instantiations of values, while holding similar ideas about the abstract meaning of the values and their importance.
ResumoEste artigo objetivou reunir evidências de validade e precisão da Connectedness to Nature Scale no contexto brasileiro. Dois estudos foram realizados. No Estudo 1, participaram 204 pessoas com idade média de 33 anos (Desvio-Padrão = 13,83), as quais responderam a referida escala e perguntas demográficas. Os resultados de uma análise de componentes principais indicaram uma estrutura unifatorial (α = 0,81). No Estudo 2, participaram 220 estudantes universitários com idade média de 23 anos (Desvio-Padrão = 5,82), os quais responderam a escala adaptada e perguntas demográficas. Uma análise fatorial confirmatória (estimador ML) confirmou a adequação da estrutura unifatorial (e.g., Comparative Fit Index = 0,91, Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation = 0,064), obtendo consistência interna satisfatória (α = 0,83). Concluindo, a Connectedness to Nature Scale mostrou ser uma medida psicometricamente adequada para avaliar um fator geral de conexão com a natureza, podendo ser empregada em estudos futuros.
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Subjective Vitality Scale -SVS: Evidences of its Psychometric AdequacyABSTRACT -This paper presents empirical evidence of the psychometric adequacy of the Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS), based on three studies. In Study 1, 200 undergraduate students responded the SVS. The SVS showed a unidimensional factor structure (a = .73). In Study 2, another 200 undergraduate students answered the same instrument. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the factor structure of Study 1, although item 2 was inadequate. Another CFA was realized without this item. Results were better than those considering all items (a = .75). Study 3 replicated these results with 200 elementary school teachers, and investigated the convergent validity of the SVS with satisfaction with life. It can be concluded that the SVS showed sufficient psychometric adequacy to support its use.
Resumo A morte é a cessação definitiva da vida no corpo. Os avanços técnico-científicos da medicina conseguiram prolongá-la. O objetivo do presente estudo foi conhecer a percepção de estudantes e profissionais da medicina acerca da “morte digna”. Levantaram-se as diferenças entre os grupos e seus correlatos, valendo-se de variáveis demográficas. Participaram 398 respondentes, distribuídos equitativamente entre estudantes e médicos da cidade de Porto Velho, dos quais 57,8% eram do gênero masculino, com média etária de 34,5 anos. Os participantes responderam à chamada “escala de percepção de morte digna” (EPMD) e questões demográficas. Os resultados indicaram que os médicos preferiram morrer no hospital (74%) e os estudantes, em casa (74%); esses últimos tiveram maior média na EPMD (M = 5,6; DP = 0,6). Apesar das limitações, este estudo favorece a reflexão sobre práticas futuras, inerentes à concepção de morte digna por integrantes da saúde, auxiliando a relação médico-paciente.
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