Sport-tourism events create a broad spectrum of impacts on and for host communities. However, sustainable sport-tourism events, which emphasize positive impacts, and minimize negative impacts, do not arise by chance—they need careful planning and implementation. This paper aims to review and systematize a wide spectrum of social impacts that outdoor sport-tourism events create from the perspective of key stakeholders and addresses strategic planning elements necessary for achieving event sustainability. To reach its objectives, the authors examined the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, searching for relevant scientific papers focusing primarily on the impacts and legacy of sport events, strategic planning elements, and attributes necessary for achieving sustainability through a systematic quantitative review and content analysis. The results indicate that the relevant literature mostly focuses on economic impacts, followed by social and environmental impacts. Most studies focus on Europe and Asia, with the Olympic Games and FIFA World Cups being the most popular type of event studied. To systemize event and destination strategic elements and attributes for achieving sustainability, this study considers eight categories: social, cultural, organizational, logistic, communication, economic, tourism, and environmental. This paper identifies the main research gaps, proposes a new holistic sport-tourism events research agenda and provides recommendations so that organizers can avoid planning, organizing, financing mistakes and better leverage future sporting events.
Purpose-Sport events generate the largest sport-motivated tourist flow. For the organizers, the best way to make the organization of an event easier, and create value for all stakeholders involved, is to design a successful event business model (BM). In addition to the theoretical knowledge, organizers should be familiar with the good practice, which proves that networking and cooperation between different stakeholders are the key to success. This paper, therefore, focuses on studying the value network, an important element of event's BM, which is critical for the success of the event. Methodology-The Case Study analysis refers to the Mercedes-Benz UCI Mountain Bike Downhill Lošinj World Cup 2018. Interviews with the representatives of main stakeholders were conducted to analyse the involvement of various groups of stakeholders in the event implementation, their contribution and sharing benefits from the project. Findings-The findings of the study suggest both similarities and differences regarding stakeholders' specific motives and interests for participating in the organization of this event. Some strategies and recommendations for organizers to improve the stakeholder management and value networking within the event's BM concept are proposed. Contribution-In addition to a strong contribution to the sport management, event management and stakeholder management theory, the research findings and proposed strategies are beneficial to sport practitioners and the organizers of similar events who could avoid mistakes in planning, organizing, financing and leveraging their future events.
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