Na natureza os seres vivos apresentam variadas formas de inter-relacionamento, dentre elas o parasitismo. Esta surgiu quando, no decorrer da evolução, um organismo associado se sentiu beneficiado de alguma forma, principalmente por ganho de alimento e de proteção. Com o decorrer de milhares de anos e muitas adaptações, o invasor (parasito) se tornou mais e mais dependente do outro ser vivo, seu hospedeiro, ocasionado algum tipo de impacto ou mesmo prejuízo para este. Assim, os parasitos podem ocasionar desde enfermidade subclínica até doença debilitante e fatal.Devido a grande variedade de parasitos, sua ocorrência cosmopolita e seus inúmeros impactos à saúde animal, humana e ambiental, o estudo a parasitologia veterinária tem ganho cada vez mais importância. Nesse contexto, este E-book reúne textos científicos da área, variando entre revisões sistemáticas da literatura, estudos descritivos e analíticos, abordando vários parasitos de impacto na Medicina Veterinária.
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New agents that can suppress inflammatory responses are being sought, since chronic inflammation is associated with several pathologies. This work aims to elucidate phytochemicals from the hydroethanolic extract of mistletoe Passovia ovata (POH) and its anti-inflammatory potential. POH is submitted to HPLC-UV, qualitative analysis of chemical constituents, and flavonoid quantification. Cytotoxicity is evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages by MTT. LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells are treated with POH and, after 48 h, the nitrite and cytokine levels are quantified. BALB/c mice are treated by gavage with POH and stimulated with λ-carrageenan to induce paw oedema or peritonitis. POH yield is 25% with anthraquinones, tannins, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, flavonols, catechins and flavanones present and flavonoid content of 4.44 ± 0.157 mg QE/g dry weight. POH exhibits low cytotoxicity and significantly reduced (p < 0.01) nitrite, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α quantification at 500 μg/mL. POH at 500 mg/kg prevents paw edema increase and also reduces inflammatory infiltrate and mast cells in the footpad. In the peritonitis model, POH does not influence cytokines levels or cell counts. Overall, POH demonstrates a high concentration of flavonoids and prominent effects in the reduction in pro-inflammatory markers in vitro and in the inhibition of paw oedema.
The importance of a new anticancer drug for breast cancer is well established. Natural compounds that can prevent this disease or be used as an adjuvant treatment associated with conventional drugs could be the solution for this. This chapter is an overview of agents extracted from plants with outstand results in the last six years. Green tea, berberine, thymoquinone and cannabidiol are compounds isolated from medicinal plants. These agents showed action through induction of apoptosis, down regulation of inflammation, epigenetics, hormonal modulation, among other. In vitro effect against cancer cells, in vivo experiments mainly with murine model and clinical trials reassured their efficacy against breast cancer. A protective effect against recurrence cases and chemosensitization to standard drugs was also successful. The use of nanotechnology provided a optimize delivery of these therapeutical molecules. Taken together this information led us to acknowledgement that we do probably have the natural agents for a future adjuvant treatment against breast cancer.
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