This study analyzes the participation of Brazilian credit unions in the provision of microcredit in the period from 2017 to 2019. The cooperatives belonging to the four main cooperative credit systems in the country were considered: Cresol, Sicoob, Sicredi and Unicred. To meet the proposed objective, a documentary research was carried out as from the survey of secondary data from official agencies, in addition to data from the financial and accounting reports of the analyzed institutions. The literature consulted points out that credit unions have a greater incentive to carry out solidarity credit and microcredit operations, given their social nature. The results presented evidence that the microcredit offer by the analyzed cooperative systems is not very significant, representing, on average, less than 10% of the total microcredit portfolio in the analyzed years. The main conclusion is that most Brazilian credit unions, with the exception of those that compose the solidarity segment, have not had a significant participation in the supply of microcredit. It is hoped that these findings can contribute to the development of policies capable of changing this picture, that is, that these institutions, considered by the literature as the ideal model of organization to operate microcredit, can potentialize actions towards a greater insertion in the supply of microcredit.
O presente estudo aborda o comportamento empreendedordos empresários atuantes no segmento do Turismo em áreas rurais, namicrorregião de Feira de Santana, da qual fazem parte vinte e quatromunicípios. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória com osempresários rurais, utilizando-se como instrumento de levantamento dedados o questionário. Buscou-se analisar o perfil empreendedor dessesempresários, bem como, suas características empreendedoras. A pesquisabaseou-se no levantamento bibliográfico sobre Turismo Rural eEmpreendedorismo, o qual forneceu subsídios para compreender a práticaempreendedora, relacionada com as características e comportamentosdos proprietários dos estabelecimentos estudados. Constatou-se que existempoucas características empreendedoras no comportamento dos empresáriosestudados e que uma pequena parte desses empresários adotam umapostura de empreendedor, embora se tenha observado uma preocupaçãodos mesmos em praticar a rede de relacionamentos, de comunicação enegociações, características do comportamento empreendedor.
This study investigates whether the performance of credit unions that offer microcredit in Brazil was affected by the advent of Crescer - the National Microcredit Program. This research fills a gap in the literature because few papers investigate credit unions that work with microcredit and also the effects of governmental interventions related to microcredit operations. Studies of this type may help evaluate the impact of governmental interventions on the performance of the institutions that are directly or indirectly affected. Our results add to the debate about microcredit and about the inclusion of credit unions in this market. In particular, our evidence may influence the design of public policies and the strategies of microfinance institutions, which typically combine economic and social objectives. Based on the literature, we calculate fifteen indicators for each credit union, related to their financial and social performance. The inferences are based on the implementation of the difference in differences estimator using the advent of Crescer, in 2011, as the exogenous event of interest and including in the control group the credit unions that did not provide microcredit loans throughout the sample period. This research presents evidence that the volume of clients and microcredit operations performed by Brazilian credit unions was positively affected by regulatory changes that took place in 2011, consistently with the objectives of the governmental intervention. The evidence also suggests that the governmental intervention did not harm the financial sustainability of the credit unions. The main changes are: a substantial reduction of interest rates and transaction costs, the implementation of subsidies to participants in the program, and a push for public banks to enhance their supply of productive and oriented microcredit.
A motivação principal para realização do presente estudo foi avaliar a existência de influência de características qualitativas de tipo de instituição, local de atuação e tamanho do ativo nas informações contábeis das IMFs na América Latina e Caribe. Os estudos sobre microfinanças se baseiam nas teorias da intermediação financeira, na teoria do Welfare State e na teoria institucional. Esta pesquisa se situa no campo das análises acerca dos indicadores contábeis de instituições financeiras. As demonstrações contábeis de uma IMF se assemelham às de qualquer instituição financeira, no entanto, há algumas especificidades neste tipo de organização, sobretudo, no que se refere ao tipo, bastante diversificado. Para validação da hipótese metodológica de que os indicadores contábeis de IMFs da América Latina e Caribe são influenciados pelas suas características qualitativas, fez-se um estudo empírico-analítico, utilizando-se das ferramentas estatísticas Análise de Cluster e Análise de Correspondências – ANACOR. Os dados foram coletados no site da Microfinance Information Exchenge–MIX, a qual disponibiliza dados secundários com características qualitativas (tipo, região) e quantitativa (indicadores contábeis). De acordo com os resultados, embora em magnitudes diferentes, todas as características qualitativas tiveram influências significativas nos Clusters formados a partir da similaridade dos indicadores contábeis. Desse modo, a hipótese metodológica foi confirmada. Os achados da pesquisa sinalizam que estudos futuros bem como ações e/ou políticas voltadas para Instituições Microfinanceiras que utilizem indicadores contábeis devem observar essas características.
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