Introducción: La alimentación oral es una actividad sensoriomotora muy compleja y exigente en relación con la coordinación oromotora del recién nacido prematuro requiriendo de los enfermeros la implementación de cuidados neuroprotectores. En el cuidado de enfermería para recién nacidos prematuros, no hay consenso sobre la elección de la técnica de alimentación oral más adecuada para el desarrollo de habilidades oromotoras, lo que ciertamente influirá en la autonomía de alimentación.Objetivo: Identificar y mapear la literatura científica, las técnicas de la alimentación oral promotores de las competencias oromotoras del recién nacido prematuro.Método: Se realizó una scoping review c que permitió el mapeo de artículos publicados en cuatro bases de datos: Medline; CINAHL; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials y Scielo y no publicados (Google scholar, tesis de maestría y doctorado), entre 2000 y 2018.Resultados: Se incluyeron 28 estudios, de los cuales 21 son primarios, seis son secundarios y una tesis de doctorado. De estos surgieron tres técnicas de alimentación (biberón, taza y finger-feeding). Biberón aparece como un promotor de patrones de succión más maduros; la taza aparece como el más abierto, pero poco consensuado con respecto a los beneficios para el desarrollo oromotor y finger-feeding aparece como un facilitador del entrenamiento de succión y complementario a la lactancia materna.Conclusión: Las publicaciones analizadas se centran principalmente en aspectos de estabilidad hemodinámica, aumento de peso y autonomía alimentaria, con el consiguiente alta hospitalaria temprana. Por lo tanto, es esencial comprender cómo cada técnica promueve el desarrollo de habilidades oromotoras, y también es esencial contemplar los deseos y expectativas de los padres con respecto a la alimentación, como la lactancia materna exclusiva. Background: Oral feeding is a highly complex and coordinated sensorimotor activity for the preterm infants, requiring nurses to implement neuroprotective care. In nursing care, there is no consensus on the choice of the most appropriate oral feeding method for the development of oro-motor skills and the consequent feeding autonomy of the preterm infant. Objective: identify and map, in the scientific literature, the oral feeding method that promotes the development of oro-motor skills in preterm in preterm infants.Method: A scoping review was carried out with a research that allowed the mapping of articles published in databases (Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scielo) and unpublished (Google scholar, master's and doctoral theses), between 2000 and 2018.Results: This scoping review included 28 studies: 21 are primary studies, 6 secondary studies and a doctoral thesis. Three feeding methods emerged (bottle, cup and finger-feeding). The bottle appears as a promoter of more mature suction patterns; the cup is the must studied method but little consensual regarding the benefits for oro-motor development and finger-feeding appears as a facilitator of suction training and breastfeeding.Conclusion: The publications focus mainly on aspects of hemodynamic stability, weight gain and feeding autonomy, with consequent early hospital discharge. It is therefore essential to understand how each method promotes the development of oro-motor skills, and it is also essential to contemplate the wishes and expectations of parents regarding food, such as exclusive breastfeeding. Introdução: A alimentação oral é uma atividade sensoriomotora altamente complexa e exigente relativamente à coordenação oro-motora do recém-nascido pré-termo, requerendo dos enfermeiros a implementação de cuidados neuroprotetores. Nos cuidados de enfermagem ao recém-nascido pré-termo, não existe consenso na escolha da técnica de alimentação oral mais adequada ao desenvolvimento das competências oro-motoras, o que decerto vai influenciar a autonomia alimentar. Objetivo: Identificar e mapear na literatura científica, as técnicas de alimentação oral promotoras das competências oro-motoras do recém-nascido pré-termo. Método: Foi realizada uma scoping review com uma pesquisa que permitiu o mapeamento de artigos publicados em bases de dados (Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials e Scielo) e não publicados (Google Académico, teses de mestrado e doutoramento), entre o ano 2000 e 2018.Resultados: Selecionaram-se 28 estudos, 21 primários, 6 secundários e uma tese de doutoramento. Destes emergiram três técnicas de alimentação (biberão, copo e finger-feeding). O biberão surge como promotor de padrões de sucção mais maturos; o copo surge como o mais descortinado, mas pouco consensual relativamente aos benefícios para o desenvolvimento oro-motor e o finger-feeding surge como facilitadora do treino da sucção e complementar da amamentação.Conclusão: As publicações analisadas focam-se sobretudo em aspetos de estabilidade hemodinâmica, de ganho ponderal e da autonomia alimentar, com consequente alta hospitalar precoce. É por isso essencial compreender de que forma cada técnica promove o desenvolvimento das competências oro-motoras, sendo também essencial contemplar os desejos e expectativas dos pais quanto à alimentação, como por exemplo a realização da amamentação exclusiva.
Objective: to analyze nurses' perceptions about the feeding of preterm newborns and their motivations in using feeding methods during hospitalization in the neonatology unit. Method: descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out between July 2019 and January 2020, using semi-structured interviews with 30 nurses from a neonatology unit. The analysis of interview data was carried out using lexicographical textual analysis, the descending hierarchical classification, and similarity analysis through IRaMuTeQ - R Interface software. Results: 876 text segments were analyzed in the descending hierarchical classification, retaining 86.3% of the total for the creation of five classes that resulted from content participation. The similarity analysis of the words representing the nurses' perception about oral feeding and the choice of feeding method led to three central cores, represented by the words: think, give, bottle. Conclusion: Nurses recognize the importance of continuing education and training in the assessment of oral skills. The reason for choosing the feeding method is often based on criteria such as preference, speed, and ease.
IntroductionThe social representations about sexual health appear as different forms of social knowledge, when shared and developed, contributing to the construction of a common reality for a social set.The meaning about what is understood as sexual health shapes the actions and the practices of those who are most confronted with this reality. When we talk about social representations in sexual health, we are talking about a complex subject that is product of the interactions and understanding processes of social groups (health professionals, in this case nurses, and men themselves and the relationship between them). ObjectiveTo analyze nurses' narratives about men's sexual health. MethodThis is a descriptive study of qualitative approach, with data collection through an online focus group with 9 primary and differentiated health care nurses. The study obtained the approval from the Ethics Committee of ESEL, well as the informed consent from all participants. Data analysis was performed using the IRaMuTeQ-R interface software, using lexicographic analysis (hierarchical descent classification [CHD] and similarity analysis [AS]). Results and DiscussionThe CHD had a retention of 84.86% of the text corpus and from the analysis of the nurses' narratives. Four classes were emerged: entitled interaction between professionals and men, therapeutic itineraries, men's access to sexual health care and nurses' social representations of sexual health. The last class represents 30.1% of the textual data and 81 text segments, outstanding words such as will, subject and talk, and all of them with X 2 ranging from 15.99 to 40.21. Conclusions and Implications for Future ResearchThe nurses' narratives translate social representations that denounce women as privileged in matters such as health care, in which men are excluded. The concept of sexual health is strongly marked by social dynamics based on beliefs and taboos, which condition men's access to care and nurses' intervention.The training of health professionals in and for men's sexual health emerges from the nurses' discourse as an essential area of investment, involving men and aiming at the deconstruction of myths and stereotypes associated with sexuality.
Resumo A complexidade dos problemas relacionados com o uso problemático de substâncias requer questionamento regular das práticas. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar a aceitabilidade e a aplicabilidade de um programa de intervenção com pessoas dependentes de substâncias. Estudo qualitativo. Recolha de dados, realizada através de 1 grupo focal com 6 enfermeiros e 6 entrevistas semiestruturadas a usuários em tratamento. Utilizou-se à análise textual lexicográfica. No grupo focal, foram analisados 151 segmentos de texto, retendo 85,8% do total para a criação de cinco classes. A análise de similitude conduziu à formação de dois núcleos centrais, representados pelas palavras: Enfermeiro e Intervenção. Das entrevistas, foram analisados 252 segmentos de texto, retendo 71,83% para a criação de 5 classes. A análise de similitude conduziu à formação de três núcleos centrais, representados pelas palavras: querer, programa e ver. Os enfermeiros reconhecem a necessidade de uma abordagem mais estruturada, centrada nas necessidades das pessoas e flexível. Os usuários, acrescentam a necessidade de ser flexível, sem tempo definido à partida, promovendo trabalho, suporte terapêutico para abstinência e gestão das comorbilidades.
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